Sifakakis I, Eliades T
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Aust Dent J. 2017 Mar;62 Suppl 1:20-28. doi: 10.1111/adj.12473.
Adverse effects can arise from the clinical use of orthodontic materials, due to the release of constituent substances (ions from alloys and monomers, degradation by-products, and additives from polymers). Moreover, intraoral aging affects the biologic properties of materials. The aim of this review is to present the currently identified major adverse effects of the metallic and polymeric components found in orthodontic appliances and materials. Corrosion in metallic orthodontic attachments releases metal ions, mainly iron, chromium, and nickel. The latter has received the greatest attention because of its reported potential for an allergic response. The formation of an oxide layer may inhibit the outward movement of ions, thereby acting as an obstacle for release. Titanium alloys have superior corrosion resistance than stainless steel. The efficiency of polymerisation is considered an essential property for all polymers. A poor polymer network is susceptible to the release of biologically reactive substances, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), which is capable of inducing hormone-related effects. The close proximity of a light-curing tip to the adhesive, pumice prophylaxis after bonding, indirect irradiation and mouth rinsing during the first hour after bonding may decrease BPA release. The adverse effects of some orthodontic materials should be considered during material selection and throughout orthodontic treatment, in order to minimise possible undesirable implications.
正畸材料的临床使用可能会产生不良反应，这是由于其组成物质（合金和单体中的离子、降解副产物以及聚合物中的添加剂）的释放。此外，口腔内的老化会影响材料的生物学特性。本综述的目的是介绍目前已确定的正畸矫治器和材料中金属和聚合物成分的主要不良反应。金属正畸附件的腐蚀会释放金属离子，主要是铁、铬和镍。由于镍被报道有引发过敏反应的潜在可能性，因此受到了最多的关注。氧化层的形成可能会抑制离子的向外移动，从而成为离子释放的障碍。钛合金比不锈钢具有更好的耐腐蚀性。聚合效率被认为是所有聚合物的一项基本特性。不良的聚合物网络容易释放具有生物活性的物质，如双酚A（BPA），它能够引发与激素相关的效应。光固化头与粘合剂距离过近、粘结后进行浮石清洁、间接照射以及粘结后第一小时内漱口等操作可能会减少双酚A的释放。在材料选择和整个正畸治疗过程中，都应考虑某些正畸材料的不良反应，以尽量减少可能产生的不良影响。
