Youssef Amer, Aboalola Doaa, Han Victor K M
Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:9453108. doi: 10.1155/2017/9453108. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Many tissues contain adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may be used in tissue regeneration therapies. However, the MSC availability in most tissues is limited which demands expansion in vitro following isolation. Like many developing cells, the state of MSCs is affected by the surrounding microenvironment, and mimicking this natural microenvironment that supports multipotent or differentiated state in vivo is essential to understand for the successful use of MSC in regenerative therapies. Many researchers are, therefore, optimizing cell culture conditions in vitro by altering growth factors, extracellular matrices, chemicals, oxygen tension, and surrounding pH to enhance stem cells self-renewal or differentiation. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system has been demonstrated to play an important role in stem cell biology to either promote proliferation and self-renewal or enhance differentiation onset and outcome, depending on the cell culture conditions. In this review, we will describe the importance of IGFs, IGF-1 and IGF-2, in development and in the MSC niche and how they affect the pluripotency or differentiation towards multiple lineages of the three germ layers.
许多组织都含有成人间充质干细胞（MSC），这些细胞可用于组织再生疗法。然而，大多数组织中MSC的可用性有限，这就需要在分离后进行体外扩增。与许多正在发育的细胞一样，MSC的状态受周围微环境的影响，模拟这种在体内支持多能或分化状态的自然微环境对于成功将MSC用于再生疗法至关重要。因此，许多研究人员正在通过改变生长因子、细胞外基质、化学物质、氧张力和周围pH值来优化体外细胞培养条件，以增强干细胞的自我更新或分化能力。胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）系统已被证明在干细胞生物学中发挥重要作用，根据细胞培养条件，它可以促进增殖和自我更新，或者增强分化的起始和结果。在这篇综述中，我们将描述IGF、IGF-1和IGF-2在发育和MSC生态位中的重要性，以及它们如何影响三个胚层向多个谱系的多能性或分化。
