Alibrahim Osama, Elawad Nagi, Misau Yusuf A, Shaikh Tarteel M, Allam Nedal
Al-Amal Hospital , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Ameen Hospital , Bauchi, Nigeria.
J Public Health Afr. 2012 Mar 7;3(1):e5. doi: 10.4081/jphia.2012.e5.
Drug abuse is reported to be on the increase among young persons using illicit substances but little is known about the frequency with which they occur, the symptoms on presentation to health institutions, and the different substances abused. To establish this, we reviewed patient data collected at Al-Amal Hospital in Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on young persons who are refered to the hospital for problems related to drug abuse. Data on 69 adolescent drug users were reviewed and analyzed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Substance Abuse Model (CIDI-SAM) to assess dependence on substances including amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and opioids. Furthermore, we assessed the adolescents' data on history of delusions and hallucinations in the context of use of, or withdrawal from, these specific substances. Our analysis shows that 10 to 79.6% of users of amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and opiates met DSM-III-R dependence criteria for each specific substance. The prevalence of psychotic symptoms associated with each specific substance ranged from users with no diagnosis to users with severe dependence as follows: amphetamines (3-100%), cannabis (7-60.0%), cocaine (5-70.7%), and opiates (4-88%). The risk of psychotic symptoms increased for respondents who abused (OR=7.2) or had mild (OR=8.1), moderate (OR=20.0), or severe dependence (OR=14.0) on cocaine when compared to those who were users with no diagnosis. A similar pattern was evident in cannabis, opiate, and amphetamine users. In conclusion, most adolescent drug users in Saudi Arabia who are dependent on illicit substances experience psychotic symptoms in the context of use of, or withdrawal from, these substances. Psychotic symptoms increased with the severity of the disorders associated with use of all four substances. These findings underscore the importance of developing services to target this population; a population at risk of developing psychotic symptoms.
据报道，在使用非法药物的年轻人中，药物滥用呈上升趋势，但对于这些药物滥用发生的频率、在医疗机构就诊时的症状以及所滥用的不同药物，人们了解甚少。为了弄清这些情况，我们回顾了沙特阿拉伯王国吉达市阿玛尔医院收集的有关因药物滥用问题被转诊至该医院的年轻人的患者数据。我们使用综合国际诊断访谈-药物滥用模型（CIDI-SAM）对69名青少年吸毒者的数据进行了回顾和分析，以评估对包括苯丙胺、大麻、可卡因和阿片类药物在内的药物的依赖情况。此外，我们还评估了这些青少年在使用或停用这些特定药物的情况下有关妄想和幻觉病史的数据。我们的分析表明，苯丙胺、大麻、可卡因和阿片类药物的使用者中，有10%至79.6%的人符合每种特定药物的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）依赖标准。与每种特定药物相关的精神病症状的患病率从无诊断的使用者到重度依赖的使用者不等，具体如下：苯丙胺（3%-100%）、大麻（7%-60.0%）、可卡因（5%-70.7%）和阿片类药物（4%-88%）。与无诊断的使用者相比，滥用可卡因（比值比=7.2）或对可卡因有轻度（比值比=8.1）、中度（比值比=20.0）或重度依赖（比值比=14.0）的受访者出现精神病症状的风险增加。大麻、阿片类药物和苯丙胺使用者中也出现了类似的模式。总之，沙特阿拉伯大多数依赖非法药物的青少年吸毒者在使用或停用这些药物的情况下会出现精神病症状。精神病症状随着与使用所有四种药物相关的疾病严重程度的增加而增加。这些发现强调了为这一人群（有出现精神病症状风险的人群）开发针对性服务的重要性。
