Li Yanbin, Wang Ronghui
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 230 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1572:379-402. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6911-1_25.
Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides which have specific three-dimensional (3D) structures for high affinity and specific recognition to their target. In diagnostic and detection assays, aptamers represent an alternative to antibodies as recognition agents and offer advantages, such as reduced cost, rapid and reproducible synthesis, controllable modification, and improved stability. Aptamers are favorably used in biosensors as sensitive and selective bio-receptors coupled with a variety of transducers such as optical, mass-sensitive, and electrochemical sensors, the so-called aptasensors. We report the development of several types of aptasensors for rapid and specific detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1. DNA aptamers with high affinity and specificity against AIV H5N1 were immobilized on the electrode surface and then incorporated into different transducers such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and electrochemical transducer. The target viruses were captured by the immobilized aptamers resulting in a detectable signal. The fabrication of aptasensors, detection principles, and their applications for AIV H5N1 detection are addressed.
适体是单链RNA或DNA寡核苷酸，具有特定的三维（3D）结构，能够与靶标进行高亲和力和特异性识别。在诊断和检测分析中，适体作为识别试剂可替代抗体，并具有成本降低、合成快速且可重复、修饰可控以及稳定性提高等优势。适体作为敏感且具选择性的生物受体，与诸如光学、质量敏感和电化学传感器等多种换能器相结合，被广泛应用于生物传感器中，即所谓的适体传感器。我们报道了几种用于快速、特异性检测禽流感病毒（AIV）H5N1的适体传感器的研发情况。将对AIV H5N1具有高亲和力和特异性的DNA适体固定在电极表面，然后与诸如表面等离子体共振（SPR）、石英晶体微天平（QCM）和电化学换能器等不同的换能器相结合。固定的适体捕获目标病毒，从而产生可检测的信号。本文阐述了适体传感器的制备、检测原理及其在AIV H5N1检测中的应用。
