Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 16;7:44550. doi: 10.1038/srep44550.
Pigs (Sus scrofa) were first domesticated between 8,500 and 8,000 cal BC in the Near East, from where they were subsequently brought into Europe by agriculturalists. Soon after the arrival of the first domestic pigs in northern Europe (~4500 BC), farmers are thought to have started to incorporate local wild boars into their swine herds. This husbandry strategy ultimately resulted in the domestication of European wild boars. Here, we set out to provide a more precise geographic and temporal framework of the early management of suid populations in northern Europe, drawing upon mitochondrial DNA haplotype data from 116 Neolithic Sus specimens. We developed a quantitative mathematical model tracing the haplotypes of the domestic pigs back to their most likely geographic origin. Our modelling results suggest that, between 5000 and 4000 BC, almost all matrilines in the north originated from domesticated animals from the south of central Europe. In the following period (4000-3000 BC), an estimated 78-100% of domesticates in the north were of northern matrilineal origin, largely from local wild boars. These findings point towards a dramatic change in suid management strategies taking place throughout south-central and northern Europe after 4000 BC.
猪（Sus scrofa）于公元前 8500 年至 8000 年在近东地区首次被驯化，随后由农民将其引入欧洲。在第一批家猪到达北欧后不久（公元前 4500 年左右），农民们开始将当地的野猪纳入他们的猪群。这种养殖策略最终导致了欧洲野猪的驯化。在这里，我们旨在通过对 116 个新石器时代 Sus 样本的线粒体 DNA 单倍型数据，为北欧早期猪群管理提供一个更精确的地理和时间框架。我们开发了一个定量数学模型，追踪家猪的单倍型最有可能的地理起源。我们的建模结果表明，在公元前 5000 年至 4000 年期间，北方地区的几乎所有母系都起源于来自中欧南部的驯化动物。在接下来的时期（公元前 4000 年至 3000 年），北方地区约有 78-100%的驯化动物是北方母系的起源，主要来自当地的野猪。这些发现表明，在公元前 4000 年后，整个中南部和北欧的猪管理策略发生了巨大变化。
