Alipour Elnaz, Halverson Duncan, McWhirter Samantha, Walker Gilbert C
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; email:
Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2017 May 5;68:261-283. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112634. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Nanoparticles are widely studied for their potential medical uses in diagnostics and therapeutics. The interface between a nanoparticle and its target has been a focus of research, both to guide the nanoparticle and to prevent it from deactivating. Given nature's frequent use of phospholipid vesicles as carriers, much attention has been paid to phospholipids as a vehicle for drug delivery. The physical chemistry of bilayer formation and nanoparticle encapsulation is complex, touching on fundamental properties of hydrophobicity. Understanding the design rules for particle synthesis and encapsulation is an active area of research. The aim of this review is to provide a perspective on what preparative guideposts have been empirically discovered and how these are related to theoretical understanding. In addition, we aim to summarize how modern theory is beginning to help guide the design of functional particles that can effectively cross biological membranes.
纳米颗粒因其在诊断和治疗方面的潜在医学用途而被广泛研究。纳米颗粒与其靶标的界面一直是研究的重点，这既是为了引导纳米颗粒，也是为了防止其失活。鉴于自然界经常使用磷脂囊泡作为载体，磷脂作为药物递送载体受到了广泛关注。双层形成和纳米颗粒包封的物理化学过程很复杂，涉及到疏水性的基本特性。理解颗粒合成和包封的设计规则是一个活跃的研究领域。本综述的目的是提供一个视角，阐述凭经验发现的制备指导原则以及这些原则与理论理解的关系。此外，我们旨在总结现代理论如何开始帮助指导能够有效穿过生物膜的功能性颗粒的设计。
