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[豆象 Bruchidius obtectus SAY(鞘翅目)部分紫外线照射卵的发育能力]

[The developmental capacities of partially UV-irradiated eggs of the bean WeevilBruchidius obtectus SAY (Coleoptera)].

作者信息

Jung Emil

机构信息

Abteilung für Entwicklungsphysiologie, Zoologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg und Heiligenberg Institut, Deutschland.

出版信息

Wilhelm Roux Arch Entwickl Mech Org. 1971 Dec;167(4):299-324. doi: 10.1007/BF00580166.

Abstract
  1. Eggs of the bean weevilBruchidius obtectus were irradiated regionally with UV-light of 270-330 nm wave length. The irradiated area extends transversally across the egg and covers 10 or 20% of the egg's length. Irradiation was done either from a single side ("QB") or from 4 sides each after a 90°-rotation of the egg ("RB"): the latter treatment affects the egg more strongly. The 3 different irradiation periods used, one, two or three minutes, produced similar results. Of the incident irradiation energy, 75-85% is absorbed by the egg's envelope. 2. UV-irradiation before preblastoderm formation does not visibly injure any egg component. Normal embryos develop as a rule even after UV-irradiation of the whole ventral face of the egg. There is, however, a considerable retardation of development which indicates primary or secondary influences of the irradiation procedure on developmental reactions of the ooplasmic system. 3. Irradiation after preblastoderm formation is followed by visible damage early in development. The effects, accumulation of ectoplasm and pycnosis of nuclei, decrease from the center towards the margins of the irradiated area; the underlying yolk-entoplasm appears unaffected. Early damage produced by irradiation of preblastoderm eggs leads to defects in the germ band only if the irradiated area includes at least partially a "critical region for definable segment defects" ("KBS") between 35 and 65% of the egg's length. Damage in front of or behind this critical region can be regulated. 4. Early damage observed after irradiation of blastoderm, however, is always, and irrespective of its location, followed by formation of a disturbed metameric pattern. It is concluded that between preblastoderm and blastoderm stages the functional condition of the superficial egg materials must have changed towards the egg poles so that the capacity to regulate is lost. 5. Late defects may become manifest in any region of the embryonic body. They may in accordance with the longitudinal extent of the irradiated area involve one or several body segments. QB-irradiation affects one lateral half of each segment involved, RB-irradiation eliminates both halves. Irradiation of a whole lateral Vorkeimanlage is followed by formation of a half-embryo from the remaining lateral Vorkeimanlage. 6. Segmental defects produced by irradiation of preblastoderm or blastoderm stages correlate with the same positions of irradiated area for any particular segment. To affect the same segment by irradiation of the Vorkeimanlage, a more posterior area of irradiation is required. 7. The "critical zone for bipartite development" ("KBB") revealed by earlier ligation experiments of blastoderm eggs is congruent in position and extent with the "critical region for definable segment defects" from UV-irradiation (see 3). In contrast to ligation experiments, the loss of germ band segments after early irradiation is not more extensive than after late irradiation. From this and from the formation of complete segment patterns by UV irradiated eggs it is concluded that the bipolar reaction system revealed by ligation experiments cannot be confined to the superficial egg regions affected by UV. 8. It is pointed out that in order to be able to compare different insect egg types these have to be studied by identical methods.
摘要
  1. 豆象 Bruchidius obtectus 的卵用波长为 270 - 330 nm 的紫外线进行局部照射。照射区域横向穿过卵,覆盖卵长度的 10%或 20%。照射要么从单侧进行(“QB”),要么在卵每次旋转 90°后从四面进行(“RB”):后一种处理对卵的影响更强。使用的 3 种不同照射时间,1 分钟、2 分钟或 3 分钟,产生了相似的结果。入射照射能量的 75 - 85%被卵的包膜吸收。

  2. 在胚盘形成前进行紫外线照射不会明显损伤卵的任何成分。通常即使对卵的整个腹面进行紫外线照射后,正常胚胎仍会发育。然而,发育有相当大的延迟,这表明照射过程对卵质系统的发育反应有初级或次级影响。

  3. 在胚盘形成后进行照射,在发育早期会出现明显损伤。其影响,即外质积累和细胞核固缩,从照射区域的中心向边缘递减;下方的卵黄 - 内胚层似乎未受影响。胚盘形成前的卵经照射产生的早期损伤仅在照射区域至少部分包括卵长度 35%至 65%之间的“可定义节段缺陷关键区域”(“KBS”)时才会导致胚带缺陷。该关键区域前方或后方的损伤可以得到调节。

  4. 然而,胚盘照射后观察到的早期损伤总是,且无论其位置如何,随后都会形成紊乱的分节模式。可以得出结论,在胚盘形成前和胚盘阶段之间,卵表面物质的功能状态必定朝着卵极发生了变化,从而失去了调节能力。

  5. 后期缺陷可能在胚胎体的任何区域显现。它们可能根据照射区域的纵向范围涉及一个或几个身体节段。QB照射影响所涉及每个节段的一侧半部分,RB照射则消除两侧半部分。对整个侧方原基进行照射后,剩余的侧方原基会形成半个胚胎。

  6. 胚盘形成前或胚盘阶段照射产生的节段缺陷与任何特定节段的照射区域的相同位置相关。为了通过原基照射影响相同的节段,需要更靠后的照射区域。

  7. 早期对胚盘卵进行结扎实验所揭示的“二分发育关键区”(“KBB”)在位置和范围上与紫外线照射的“可定义节段缺陷关键区域”一致(见 3)。与结扎实验不同,早期照射后胚带节段的损失并不比晚期照射后更广泛。由此以及紫外线照射的卵形成完整节段模式可以得出结论,结扎实验所揭示 的双极反应系统不能局限于受紫外线影响的卵表面区域。

  8. 指出为了能够比较不同昆虫卵的类型,必须用相同的方法对它们进行研究。

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