Dixon Kingsley W, Roche Shauna, Pate John S
Kings Park and Botanic Garden, 6005, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Botany Department, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
Oecologia. 1995 Feb;101(2):185-192. doi: 10.1007/BF00317282.
Exposure of dormant seed to cold smoke derived from burnt native vegetation had a positive influence on germination in one or more seed provenances in 45 out of 94 species of native Western Australian plants that are normally hard to germinate. When tested under controlled conditions some species showed earlier germination in smoke treatments than controls; in others smoke-treated seeds continued to germinate for several weeks after controls had achieved full germination. In the remainder, treated and control seeds germinated to similar time schedules. A group of 23 species which responded positively had previously been recorded as extremely difficult or impossible to germinate using conventional techniques. These included members of the genera Geleznowia (Rutaceae), Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae), Stirlingia (Proteaceae), Verticordia (Myrtaceae), Actinostrobus (Cupressaceae) and Pimelea (Thymelaeaceae). Both large- and small-seeded species were encountered amongst the positively responding taxa, which encompassed representatives of 15 families and 26 genera of dicotyledons, 5 families and 8 genera of monocotyledons and the gymnosperm Actinostrobus acuminatus. Sowing seeds on smoke-fumigated filter papers or watering with aqueous eluates of smoke elicited similar degrees of stimulation of germination, as did exposure to gaseous smoke in a readily germinating species Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae) and the normally intractable species Lysinema ciliatum (Epacridaceae). Exposing recently burnt and unburnt natural bushland sites to smoke, smoked water or smoked dry sand elicited a significant germination response in 15 species. Over one third of the species sampled in the burnt site exhibited germination additional to that caused by the fire. Data are discussed in relation to previous germination studies on Australian and other taxa.
将休眠种子暴露于燃烧本地植被产生的冷烟中，对西澳大利亚94种通常难以发芽的本地植物中的45种的一个或多个种子种源的发芽有积极影响。在受控条件下进行测试时，一些物种在烟熏处理中的发芽时间比对照早；在其他物种中，烟熏处理的种子在对照完全发芽后仍持续发芽数周。其余的物种中，处理过的种子和对照种子发芽时间相似。一组23种有积极反应的物种此前被记录为使用传统技术极难发芽或无法发芽。这些物种包括裸根木属（芸香科）、希伯特属（第伦桃科）、斯特林木属（山龙眼科）、垂枝红千层属（桃金娘科）、辐射松属（柏科）和瑞香属（瑞香科）的成员。在有积极反应的分类群中既有大种子物种也有小种子物种，其中包括15个双子叶植物科和26个属、5个单子叶植物科和8个属的代表以及裸子植物辐射松。将种子播种在烟熏过的滤纸上或用烟熏洗脱液浇水，与将易发芽物种红草（血皮草科）和通常难以处理的纤毛地锦（杜鹃花科）暴露于气态烟雾中一样，能引发相似程度的发芽刺激。将最近燃烧过和未燃烧过的自然灌木丛场地暴露于烟雾、烟水或烟干沙中，能使15个物种产生显著的发芽反应。在燃烧场地采样的物种中，超过三分之一除了因火灾导致的发芽外还表现出发芽。本文结合之前对澳大利亚和其他分类群的发芽研究对数据进行了讨论。
