McKenzie J A, Parsons P A
Department of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, 3083, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Oecologia. 1972 Dec;10(4):373-388. doi: 10.1007/BF00345738.
Laboratory experiments have shown D. melanogaster adults to be more tolerant to alcohol in the environment than D. simulans, with the females being more tolerant than the males of their species. Larval development on alcohol supplemented media also demonstrated an increased tolerance by D. melanogaster although the effect was not as clear cut as for the adult survival. Oviposition choice experiments demonstrated a marked rejection of alcohol impregnated laying sites by D. simulans when compared to standard medium sites. D. melanogaster showed a slight preference for alcohol supplemented sites.Collections in the maturation cellar of a vineyard produced, with the exception of a single D. simulans fly, entirely D. melanogaster adults while larvae and pupae from the cellar were also all D. melanogaster. Away from the alcohol resource, outside the cellar, both species were collected with D. simulans being the more common. However, the outside distribution of the two species was affected by alcohol fumes during vintage, as was the distribution of the sexes of D. melanogaster, with the more tolerant species or sex being closer to the source. The field results were thus in agreement with the laboratory predictions that D. melanogaster is better able to utilize an alcohol resource than D. simulans.
实验室实验表明，黑腹果蝇成虫比拟暗果蝇对环境中的酒精更具耐受性，且该物种的雌性比雄性更耐受。在添加酒精的培养基上进行幼虫发育实验也表明，黑腹果蝇的耐受性有所提高，尽管其效果不如成虫存活实验那样明显。产卵选择实验表明，与标准培养基位点相比，拟暗果蝇对浸有酒精的产卵位点表现出明显的排斥。黑腹果蝇则对添加酒精的位点略有偏好。在一个葡萄园的成熟酒窖中采集到的样本，除了一只拟暗果蝇外，全部都是黑腹果蝇成虫，而酒窖中的幼虫和蛹也全是黑腹果蝇。在远离酒精源的酒窖外，两种果蝇都有采集到，其中拟暗果蝇更为常见。然而，在酿酒期间，这两个物种在酒窖外的分布受到酒精烟雾的影响，黑腹果蝇的性别分布也受到影响，耐受性更强的物种或性别更靠近酒精源。因此，野外实验结果与实验室预测一致，即黑腹果蝇比拟暗果蝇更能利用酒精资源。
