Human Kathleen G, Gordon Deborah M
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 94305-5020, Stanford, CA, USA.
Oecologia. 1996 Feb;105(3):405-412. doi: 10.1007/BF00328744.
Interactions between the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and native ant species were studied in a 450-ha biological reserve in northern California. Along the edges of the invasion, the presence of Argentine ants significantly reduced the foraging success of native ant species, and vice versa. Argentine ants were consistently better than native ants at exploiting food sources: Argentine ants found and recruited to bait more consistently and in higher numbers than native ant species, and they foraged for longer periods throughout the day. Native ants and Argentine ants frequently fought when they recruited to the same bait, and native ant species were displaced from bait during 60% of these encounters. In introduction experiments, Argentine ants interfered with the foraging of native ant species, and prevented the establishment of new colonies of native ant species by preying upon winged native ant queens. The Argentine ants' range within the preserve expanded by 12 ha between May 1993 and May 1994, and 13 between September 1993 and September 1994, with a corresponding reduction of the range of native ant species. Although some native ants persist locally at the edges of the invasion of Argentine ants, most eventually disappear from invaded areas. Both interference and exploitation competition appear to be important in the displacement of native ant species from areas invaded by Argentine ants.
在加利福尼亚州北部一个450公顷的生物保护区内，对入侵性阿根廷蚁（Linepithema humile）与本地蚂蚁物种之间的相互作用进行了研究。在入侵区域的边缘，阿根廷蚁的存在显著降低了本地蚂蚁物种的觅食成功率，反之亦然。在利用食物资源方面，阿根廷蚁始终比本地蚂蚁更具优势：与本地蚂蚁物种相比，阿根廷蚁能更稳定且数量更多地找到并聚集到诱饵处，并且它们全天觅食的时间更长。当本地蚂蚁和阿根廷蚁聚集到同一诱饵处时，它们经常发生争斗，在60%的此类遭遇中，本地蚂蚁物种会被从诱饵处赶走。在引入实验中，阿根廷蚁干扰了本地蚂蚁物种的觅食，并通过捕食有翅的本地蚁后阻止了本地蚂蚁新蚁群的建立。在1993年5月至1994年5月期间，保护区内阿根廷蚁的活动范围扩大了12公顷，在1993年9月至1994年9月期间扩大了13公顷，与此同时本地蚂蚁物种的活动范围相应缩小。尽管一些本地蚂蚁在阿根廷蚁入侵区域的边缘局部留存，但大多数最终会从被入侵区域消失。干扰竞争和资源利用竞争在本地蚂蚁物种从被阿根廷蚁入侵的区域被取代的过程中似乎都很重要。
