Fritz Robert S, McDonough Sarah E, Rhoads Anne G
Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA fax: 914-437-7315; e-mail:
Oecologia. 1997 Apr;110(3):360-367. doi: 10.1007/s004420050170.
We studied the effects of host plant hybridization on the survival and mortality of the leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter salicifoliella on hybrid and parental willow plants in the field and in a common garden experiment. P. salicifoliella survival differed significantly among three willow taxa in the field in 1994 but not in the field in 1995 or in the common garden. Parasitism by eulophid wasps differed significantly among taxa in 1994 and appeared to account for the variation in their survival. In the field in 1995, host feeding predation varied significant among taxa. The theory of tritrophic interactions predicts that plant genotype can affect natural enemy impact, and this study supports this prediction. Significant variation in survival and eulophid parasitism was also found among genotypes within taxa in the field in both years and in the common garden experiment. The common garden results show that genetic differences in plants affect the herbivore-parasitoid interaction. Variation among years in the patterns of survival and causes of mortality among field plants suggest that genotype by environment interactions may be important.
我们在田间和一个普通花园实验中，研究了寄主植物杂交对潜叶蛾Phyllonorycter salicifoliella在杂交柳树和亲本柳树植物上的存活和死亡情况的影响。1994年，在田间的三种柳树类群中，P. salicifoliella的存活率存在显著差异，但在1995年的田间或普通花园中则没有。1994年，姬小蜂科黄蜂的寄生情况在不同类群间存在显著差异，这似乎可以解释它们存活率的差异。在1995年的田间，寄主取食捕食情况在不同类群间差异显著。三级营养相互作用理论预测，植物基因型会影响天敌的影响，本研究支持了这一预测。在这两年的田间以及普通花园实验中，还发现不同类群内的基因型在存活率和姬小蜂寄生情况方面存在显著差异。普通花园的结果表明，植物的遗传差异会影响植食性昆虫 - 寄生蜂的相互作用。田间植物存活率模式和死亡原因在不同年份间的差异表明，基因型与环境的相互作用可能很重要。
