Spight Tom M
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 0712, Clifton, New Jersey.
Oecologia. 1975 Mar;21(1):1-16. doi: 10.1007/BF00345889.
Pre-hatching developmental times for prosobranch gastropods are greatly influenced by temperature and taxonomic affinity. If the data used here (including all available data from the Muricacea) are a representative sample, then reasonably accurate estimates of developmental time can be obtained for most prosobranchs knowing only temperature and taxon. Times are also significantly affected by egg or hatching size. Correlations between developmental time and hatching form are probably accounted for by egg size. Prehatching periods are little, if at all, longer for metamorphosed hatchlings than for swimming hatchlings; in any event, differences are small relative to typical free swimming periods. Therefore, the planktonic period is a substantial addition to the total pre-juvenile period. Many embryos die before hatching. More would survive if development were faster; development is, therefore, prolonged at a measurable selective cost. Factors promoting extended developmental periods should be evaluated with these costs in mind. For example, providing much of the yolk as nurse-eggs may allow a species to have a large hatching size and at the same time a relatively brief developmental time.
前鳃腹足类动物孵化前的发育时间受温度和分类学亲缘关系的影响很大。如果这里使用的数据（包括骨螺科所有可用数据）是一个具有代表性的样本，那么对于大多数前鳃腹足类动物来说，仅知道温度和分类单元就能获得相当准确的发育时间估计。发育时间也受卵或孵化大小的显著影响。发育时间与孵化形态之间的相关性可能是由卵的大小造成的。变态孵化幼体的孵化前期即使有差异也比游泳孵化幼体的孵化前期长不了多少；无论如何，相对于典型的自由游泳期，差异很小。因此，浮游期是幼体前期的一个重要组成部分。许多胚胎在孵化前死亡。如果发育速度更快，就会有更多胚胎存活；因此，发育过程被延长，付出了可测量的选择代价。在考虑这些代价的情况下，应该评估促进延长发育时期的因素。例如，提供大量的卵黄作为滋养卵可能使一个物种有较大的孵化大小，同时发育时间相对较短。
