Fairbairn Daphne J
Institute of Animal Resource Ecology, University of British Columbia, 2075 Wesbrook Place, V6T 1W5, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
Oecologia. 1978 Jan;32(2):171-193. doi: 10.1007/BF00366070.
Dispersal of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, was measured as immigration to and emigration from two control areas, and as immigration to a removal area. The number of mice dispersing was linearly related to the densities on the control areas, while the proportion of the population dispersing (rate of dispersal) was correlated primarily with the rate of increase of control populations. High rates of dispersal were also associated with a breakdown of the established social structure in the spring and fall. Dispersing animals were compared to residents with respect to sex ratio, weight, age, and breeding condition. The types of animals dispersing varied seasonally: light-weight, non-breeding males dispersed in the spring and summer; juveniles and breeding males dispersed at the end of the breeding season; and light-weight mice of both sexes dispersed over the winter. It is proposed that the animals that dominated the dispersal samples each season were moving in response to social pressure from residents, or local limitations of some resource, and thus, that dispersal was adaptive for the individuals concerned. Some tests of the hypotheses concerning resource limitation are suggested.
鹿鼠（白足鼠）的扩散情况通过其迁入和迁出两个对照区域以及迁入一个移除区域的情况来衡量。扩散的鼠类数量与对照区域的密度呈线性关系，而种群扩散比例（扩散率）主要与对照种群的增长率相关。高扩散率还与春秋两季既定社会结构的瓦解有关。将扩散的动物与留居动物在性别比例、体重、年龄和繁殖状况方面进行了比较。扩散的动物类型随季节变化：体重轻、未繁殖的雄性在春季和夏季扩散；幼鼠和繁殖雄性在繁殖季节结束时扩散；两性体重轻的小鼠在冬季扩散。有人提出，每个季节主导扩散样本的动物是因应留居动物的社会压力或某些资源的局部限制而迁移的，因此，扩散对相关个体具有适应性。文中还提出了一些关于资源限制假说的检验方法。
