Uetz George W
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 45221, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Oecologia. 1979 Jan;40(1):29-42. doi: 10.1007/BF00388808.
Spider communities were sampled over an artificial gradient of litter depth (created by raking) and compared to those of two other forests exhibiting natural variation in litter depth. More species of spiders were present in areas of greater depth and/or complexity in all sites. Relative abundance of Lycosidae decreased, while relative abundance of Clubionidae, Thomisidae and Gnaphosidae increased over gradients of increasing depth and complexity. Similarity of species composition between areas within a forest was related to site differences in litter depth and structure.As litter depth increased, there were significant changes in prey species richness, litter complexity, and microclimate. Partial correlation analysis of grouped data from early-, mid-, and late season suggests that influential factors change with season. In the early season, prey abundance and temperature variation account for most of the variation in spider species richness. In mid-season, litter complexity and moisture fluctuations appear to influence richness, with complexity relatively more important. In late season, complexity and temperature range were the primary factors, with temperature relatively more influential. The relative importance of these factors in influencing community structure of spiders is discussed.
在通过耙地创造的凋落物深度人工梯度上对蜘蛛群落进行采样，并与另外两个在凋落物深度上呈现自然变化的森林中的蜘蛛群落进行比较。在所有地点，深度和/或复杂度更高的区域存在更多种类的蜘蛛。狼蛛科的相对丰度下降，而管巢蛛科、蟹蛛科和平腹蛛科的相对丰度随着深度和复杂度的增加而增加。森林内各区域之间的物种组成相似度与凋落物深度和结构的地点差异有关。随着凋落物深度增加，猎物物种丰富度、凋落物复杂度和小气候发生了显著变化。对早、中、晚季节分组数据的偏相关分析表明，影响因素随季节变化。在早季，猎物丰度和温度变化占蜘蛛物种丰富度变化的大部分。在中季，凋落物复杂度和湿度波动似乎影响丰富度，其中复杂度相对更重要。在晚季，复杂度和温度范围是主要因素，温度相对更具影响力。讨论了这些因素在影响蜘蛛群落结构中的相对重要性。
