Williams K S, Lincoln D E, Ehrlich P R
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA.
Oecologia. 1983 Feb;56(2-3):330-335. doi: 10.1007/BF00379708.
The effects of foodplant species and maternal food type on larval growth, development, and digestive parameters were examined for larvae from an oligophagous colony of Euphydryas chalcedona butterflies. Broods of larvae from areas containing two different foodplants, Diplacus aurantiacus and Scrophularia californica, were divided. One group was fed their "native" host and their siblings were fed the other species. Growth and digestion parameters were measured from hatching until larvae entered diapause.Larvae that fed on Scrophularia grew faster and larger, and suffered lower mortality than their siblings that fed on Diplacus. Growth and digestion indices for larvae from the two maternal-host types did not indicate genetically mediated differences in food-use efficiency; Scrophularia was more digestible than Diplacus to all larvae. Larvae showed a strong feeding preference for Scrophularia, regardless of previous food or presumed maternal-host type. However, larvae that had been reared on Diplacus ate more Diplacus than larvae that had been reared on Scrophularia. In addition, all larvae were capable of increasing gut pH when fed Diplacus. Thus, the effect of previous feeding experience on host utilization and preference by larvae was more significant than the effect of the presumed maternal-host type.
针对铜色蝶（Euphydryas chalcedona）寡食性群体的幼虫，研究了食料植物种类和母体食物类型对幼虫生长、发育及消化参数的影响。将来自含有两种不同食料植物（橙色双翅龙面花（Diplacus aurantiacus）和加州玄参（Scrophularia californica））区域的幼虫群体进行划分。一组幼虫喂食其“原生”寄主，另一组则喂食另一种植物。从孵化到幼虫进入滞育期，对幼虫的生长和消化参数进行测量。以加州玄参为食的幼虫比以橙色双翅龙面花为食的同胞幼虫生长得更快、体型更大，且死亡率更低。来自两种母体寄主类型的幼虫的生长和消化指数并未表明在食物利用效率上存在遗传介导的差异；对所有幼虫而言，加州玄参比橙色双翅龙面花更易消化。无论之前的食物或假定的母体寄主类型如何，幼虫对加州玄参都表现出强烈的取食偏好。然而，在橙色双翅龙面花上饲养的幼虫比在加州玄参上饲养的幼虫食用更多的橙色双翅龙面花。此外，所有幼虫在喂食橙色双翅龙面花时都能够提高肠道pH值。因此，之前的取食经历对幼虫寄主利用和偏好的影响比假定的母体寄主类型的影响更为显著。
