Williams K S
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA.
Oecologia. 1983 Feb;56(2-3):336-340. doi: 10.1007/BF00379709.
Oviposition host preference of the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas chalcedona, was examined in relation to the nutritional qualities of two regularly-used larval host plants. In many coastal-California colonies, E. chalcedona larvae feed primarily on a common drought-deciduous shrub, Diplacus aurantiacus, but also use an herbaceous perennial, Scrophularia californica. Diplacus has been shown to be nutritionally inferior to Scrophularia, however, Diplacus may be a more persistant resource in ecological and evolutionary time. In both greenhouse and field trials, butterflies strongly preferred to oviposit on Scrophularia, but would oviposit on Diplacus if Scrophularia was not available. Host preference of adults was not related to their larval feeding experience. In trials testing the effects of sun and shade on oviposition behavior, E. chalcedona preferred to oviposit on hosts in sun. Scrophularia often occurs in shadier habitats than Diplacus and Scrophularia plants placed in shade were accepted more often than Diplacus plants placed in the shade. Host use by E. chalcedona butterflies appears to reflect a trade-off between nutritional quality and resource relability.
研究了红斑蛱蝶（Euphydryas chalcedona）的产卵寄主偏好与两种常用幼虫寄主植物营养品质之间的关系。在加利福尼亚海岸的许多种群中，红斑蛱蝶幼虫主要以一种常见的旱季落叶灌木——橙黄双脊荠（Diplacus aurantiacus）为食，但也会取食一种多年生草本植物——加州玄参（Scrophularia californica）。然而，研究表明橙黄双脊荠在营养方面不如加州玄参，不过在生态和进化时间尺度上，橙黄双脊荠可能是一种更持久的资源。在温室和田间试验中，蝴蝶强烈倾向于在加州玄参上产卵，但如果没有加州玄参，也会在橙黄双脊荠上产卵。成虫的寄主偏好与其幼虫的取食经历无关。在测试光照对产卵行为影响的试验中，红斑蛱蝶更喜欢在阳光下的寄主上产卵。加州玄参通常比橙黄双脊荠生长在更阴暗的生境中，置于阴凉处的加州玄参植株比置于阴凉处的橙黄双脊荠植株更常被接受。红斑蛱蝶对寄主的利用似乎反映了营养品质和资源可靠性之间的权衡。
