Korpimäki Erkki
Department of Zoology, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, SF-90570, Oulu, Finland.
Oecologia. 1988 Nov;77(2):278-285. doi: 10.1007/BF00379199.
Polygyny is known in at least nine (out of 36) European raptor (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) and seven (out of 13) owl (Strigiformes) species that hunt mobile prey. The hypothesis put forward here suggests that abundant food supply and nomadic tactics of breeding dispersal are crucial factors promoting polygyny in birds of prey. The hypothesis predicts that: (1) polygyny is more common in rodent-eating birds of prey than in bird-eating ones; (2) polygyny is more frequent in good vole years than in poor ones; (3) the frequency of polygyny in vole-eating species should increase northwards in Europe, as the densities of voles in the peak phase increase in that direction; (4) the frequency of polygyny and harem size should be increased by supplementary feeding; and (5) polygyny is more common in nomadic birds of prey with annual pair bonds and weak territoriality than in resident birds of prey with longerterm pair bonds and stronger territoriality. A majority of the available data is consistent with predictions 1-3 and 5, but data on prediction 4 are scanty. Further studies on ringed birds of prey are needed to test the validity of the hypothesis.
在至少9种（共36种）欧洲猛禽（鹰形目和隼形目）以及7种（共13种）捕食移动猎物的猫头鹰（鸮形目）物种中存在一妻多夫制。本文提出的假说表明，丰富的食物供应和繁殖扩散的游牧策略是促进猛禽一妻多夫制的关键因素。该假说预测：（1）捕食啮齿动物的猛禽比捕食鸟类的猛禽中一妻多夫制更为常见；（2）在田鼠数量多的年份，一妻多夫制比数量少的年份更为频繁；（3）在欧洲，随着田鼠数量高峰期的密度沿该方向增加，捕食田鼠的物种中一妻多夫制的频率应向北增加；（4）补充喂养应会增加一妻多夫制的频率和妻妾群规模；（5）与具有长期配偶关系和更强领地意识的留居猛禽相比，具有年度配偶关系和较弱领地意识的游牧猛禽中一妻多夫制更为常见。现有数据大多与预测1 - 3和5一致，但关于预测4的数据很少。需要对带环志的猛禽进行进一步研究，以检验该假说的有效性。
