Papaj D R, Rausher M D
Department of Zoology, Duke University, 27706, Durham, NC, USA.
Oecologia. 1987 Nov;74(1):24-30. doi: 10.1007/BF00377341.
Bradshaw (1965) proposed that phenotypic plasticity would be more common than adaptive genetic variability in species for which environmental fluctuations occur over periods roughly equal to that species' generation time. In an effort to examine this notion, sources of seasonal variation in two components of oviposition behavior in an east Texas population of pipevine swallowtail butterflies (Battus philenor) were investigated under natural and seminatural conditions. Variability in a visually-based prealighting component involving orientation to leaf shape was primarily due to phenotypic plasticity in the form of adult learning; no seasonally-based genotypic differences in leaf-shape discrimination behavior were observed. By contrast, a chemotactile post-alighting component involving elicitation of oviposition after landing on the host plant was not phenotypically plastic, i.e., not susceptible to learning. In addition, only slight and nonsignificant seasonally-based differences in post-alighting responses to different host species were observed.
布拉德肖（1965年）提出，对于那些环境波动周期大致与其世代时间相等的物种而言，表型可塑性比适应性遗传变异更为常见。为了检验这一观点，在自然和半自然条件下，对东得克萨斯州种群的 Pipevine 燕尾蝶（Battus philenor）产卵行为的两个组成部分的季节性变化来源进行了研究。基于视觉的着陆前组成部分中涉及对叶片形状定向的变异性，主要是由于成年学习形式的表型可塑性；未观察到基于季节的叶片形状辨别行为的基因型差异。相比之下，涉及降落在寄主植物上后引发产卵的化学触觉着陆后组成部分没有表型可塑性，即不易受学习影响。此外，在着陆后对不同寄主物种的反应中，仅观察到基于季节的细微且不显著的差异。
