Kohyama T
Laboratory for Plant Ecological Studies, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, 606, Kyoto, Japan.
Oecologia. 1984 May;62(2):156-161. doi: 10.1007/BF00379008.
The mechanism of coexistence of the dominant firs Abies veitchii and A. mariesii is described in relation to regeneration patterns for climax subalpine forests of the northern Yatsugatake Mountains, central Honshu, Japan. Two mature stand types, pure conifer stands of Abies spp., and mixed stands of Abies spp. and hardwoods (mainly the birch Betula ermanii), are distinguished. Pure stands are likely to show simultaneous decay, followed by evenaged regeneration of stand-floor seedlings (<20 cm tall), Rapidly growing A. veitchii dominates over A. mariesii in this type of regeneration, which is occasionally invaded by light-demanding Betula. In constrast, mixed stands degenerate rather slowly, followed by the regeneration of Abies from the bank of suppressed saplings (>20 cm tall), which persist only in mixed stands. The more shade-tolerant A. mariesii is supeior in this type of regeneration, while Betula does not succeed, and mixed stands change to pure stands with time. The fact that two patterns of Abies regeneration occur in a certain ratio in the forest is what enables the two Abies species to coexist. A simple dynamical system model supports this conclusion.
本文结合日本本州中部八岳山北部亚高山顶极森林的更新模式，描述了优势冷杉（日本冷杉和台湾冷杉）共存的机制。区分出两种成熟林分类型：冷杉纯针叶林分，以及冷杉与硬木（主要是岳桦）的混交林分。纯林分可能会同时出现衰退，随后林地上的幼苗（<20厘米高）进行同龄更新，在这种更新类型中，生长迅速的日本冷杉比台湾冷杉占优势，偶尔会有需光的桦树侵入。相比之下，混交林分退化较慢，随后从被抑制的幼树（>20厘米高）的林缘进行冷杉更新，这些幼树仅存在于混交林中。在这种更新类型中，更耐荫的台湾冷杉更具优势，而桦树无法更新，随着时间的推移，混交林分会转变为纯林分。森林中两种冷杉更新模式以一定比例出现这一事实，使得两种冷杉能够共存。一个简单的动力系统模型支持了这一结论。
