Ural State Forest Engineering University, Sibirskii trakt str., 37, Yekaterinburg, 620100, Russian Federation.
Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, 8 Marta str., 202a, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russian Federation.
Biol Futur. 2022 Mar;73(1):119-131. doi: 10.1007/s42977-022-00112-9. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Forest ecosystems are sinks of atmospheric carbon and maintain annual temperature. On the other hand, climate change entails changes in all the biota structures and functions, including forest cover and biomass. Temperature and precipitation are the main deterministic factors in species biomass change. Therefore, we compared the biomass of Betula spp. and Abies spp. at the stand level along trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients. We analyzed the biomass database of Betula and Abies forest stands in Eurasia. Climate variables explained about 14 and 16% of the total biomass variability in Betula and Abies, respectively. Our results showed that increasing temperature and precipitation positively impacted fir biomass. However, a negative impact was reported on needles and branches due to insufficient humidity. In birch forests, positive trends occur from cold to warm climate zones, but only when there is inadequate water supply. A negative correlation was reported in the moist areas. Most of the birch biomass components only increased in the precipitation gradient in cold climate zones. This positive trend transformed to negative in warm zones (except for branches). We modeled the possible temporal biomass change of tree species based on its territorial pattern in Eurasia using the principle of space-for-time substitution. The developments of models for the main forest-forming species of Eurasia allow us to predict changes in the productivity of the forest cover of Eurasia.
森林生态系统是大气碳的汇，维持着年度气温。另一方面，气候变化导致包括森林覆盖和生物量在内的所有生物群落结构和功能发生变化。温度和降水是物种生物量变化的主要决定因素。因此，我们比较了沿欧亚跨热梯度水平的桤木属和冷杉属的生物量。我们分析了欧亚大陆桤木属和冷杉属森林林分的生物量数据库。气候变量分别解释了桤木属和冷杉属生物量总变异性的约 14%和 16%。我们的结果表明，温度和降水的升高对冷杉的生物量有积极的影响。然而，由于湿度不足，对针叶和树枝的生物量产生了负面影响。在桦木林中，从寒冷气候带向温暖气候带呈现出积极的趋势，但前提是供水不足。在潮湿地区报告了负相关关系。在寒冷气候区的降水梯度中，大多数桦木生物量成分仅增加。这种积极的趋势在温暖地区（除了树枝）转变为负面。我们根据欧亚大陆的地域模式，利用时空替代原则，对树种的可能时间生物量变化进行建模。欧亚大陆主要森林形成物种模型的发展使我们能够预测欧亚大陆森林覆盖生产力的变化。
