Abrams P A
Department of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, University of Minnesota, 318 Church St. S.E., 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Oecologia. 1987 May;72(2):233-247. doi: 10.1007/BF00379274.
Competition for empty gastropod shells in a group of three sympatric hermit crabs (Pagurus hirsutiusculus, Pagurus granosimanus, and Pagurus beringanus) was studied in the San Juan Archipelago, Washington State. Estimates of the competitive effects of each species on the others' shell supplies were derived using field data on shell utilization and the results of laboratory experiments to determine rates of acquisition and exchange of shells and preferences for different shell species. Each species experienced approximately an order of magnitude more intraspecific competition than interspecific competition for empty shells. This resulted from differences in preference for shell shapes, shell size use, and habitat use between P. hirsutiusculus and P. granosimanus, and largely from differences in habitat use between P. beringanus and the other two species. Experiments involving the release and recensusing of marked empty shells were used to estimate competitive effects more directly for the interaction between P. hirsutiusculus and P. granosimanus. Results were consistent with the estimates derived from data on resource partitioning. Possible causes of the low levels of interspecific competition are discussed, and results are compared with studies of other organisms that estimated both inter- and intra-specific competition.
在华盛顿州圣胡安群岛，对三种同域分布的寄居蟹（多毛寄居蟹、粒手寄居蟹和白令寄居蟹）争夺空腹足类贝壳的情况进行了研究。利用贝壳利用的野外数据以及实验室实验结果（以确定贝壳获取和交换的速率以及对不同贝壳种类的偏好），得出了每个物种对其他物种贝壳供应的竞争影响估计值。对于空贝壳，每个物种所经历的种内竞争比种间竞争大约多一个数量级。这是由于多毛寄居蟹和粒手寄居蟹在贝壳形状偏好、贝壳大小使用和栖息地利用方面存在差异，并且在很大程度上是由于白令寄居蟹与其他两个物种在栖息地利用方面存在差异。涉及释放和重新统计有标记的空贝壳的实验被用于更直接地估计多毛寄居蟹和粒手寄居蟹之间相互作用的竞争影响。结果与从资源分配数据得出的估计值一致。讨论了种间竞争水平较低的可能原因，并将结果与其他估计种间和种内竞争的生物研究进行了比较。
