Turlings Ted C J, van Batenburg F D H, van Strien-van Liempt Willy T F H
Division of Ecology, Zoological Laboratory, University of Leiden, Kaiserstraat 63, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Oecologia. 1985 Oct;67(3):352-359. doi: 10.1007/BF00384940.
(1) The parasitic wasps Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson) and Asobara tabida (Nees) usually refrain from laying eggs in hosts that have already been parasitized by themselves or by a conspecific (=intraspecific host discrimination). (2) In contrast to intraspecific host discrimination, interspecific host discrimination, in which females refrain from laying eggs in hosts that have already been parasitized by the other species, is not found in these sympatric parasitid species. (3) Because we expected that development of interspecific host discrimination would increase the fitness of the wasps, we wondered why this strategy had not evolved in L. heterotoma and A. tabida. (4) We therefore developed a simulation model of the parasitization process, in which interspecific host discrimination can be included. (5) By varying the time needed for host location, survival chances and the proportions of hosts parasitized, we obtained estimates for the number of offspring in situations with and without interspecific host discrimination. (6) The results imply that, assuming that female wasps carry an ample supply of eggs, the development of interspecific host discrimination by L. heterotoma or A. tabida will not lead to increased fitness, even under extreme circumstances. Hence, interspecific host discrimination will not evolve.
(1) 寄生蜂异角细蜂（Leptopilina heterotoma，汤姆森）和塔比阿索巴蜂（Asobara tabida，内斯）通常不会在已被自身或同种寄生的宿主中产卵（即种内宿主识别）。(2) 与种内宿主识别不同，种间宿主识别是指雌性不会在已被其他物种寄生的宿主中产卵，但在这些同域寄生蜂物种中并未发现这种现象。(3) 因为我们预计种间宿主识别的发展会提高黄蜂的适应性，所以我们想知道为什么这种策略在异角细蜂和塔比阿索巴蜂中没有进化出来。(4) 因此，我们开发了一个寄生过程的模拟模型，其中可以纳入种间宿主识别。(5) 通过改变宿主定位所需的时间、生存机会和被寄生宿主的比例，我们获得了有和没有种间宿主识别情况下的后代数量估计值。(6) 结果表明，假设雌蜂携带充足的卵供应，即使在极端情况下，异角细蜂或塔比阿索巴蜂发展种间宿主识别也不会导致适应性增加。因此，种间宿主识别不会进化。
