Taylor G E, Norby R J, McLaughlin S B, Johnson A H, Turner R S
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Oecologia. 1986 Sep;70(2):163-171. doi: 10.1007/BF00379235.
The influence of ozone, mist chemistry, rain chemistry, and soil type on CO assimilation and growth of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings was investigated over a 4-month period under controlled laboratory and glasshouse conditions. Growth was evaluated through interval estimates of aboveground relative growth rates (RGR) and the partitioning of biomass components at harvest to root, stem, and needle fractions. Precipitation chemistry treatments and O exposure dynamics were based on reported characteristics of air chemistry and/or deposition in high-elevation forests of eastern North America. The two soils were collected from Camels Hump in the Green Mountains of Vermont and Acadia National Park on the Maine coast. Soil from Acadia had higher organic content, higher levels of extractable base cations, and lower levels of extractable aluminum and heavy metals. The only treatment variables that consistently influenced the growth of P. rubens were soil type and rain chemistry. In comparison with seedlings grown in soil from Acadia National Park, those grown in Camels Hump soil had significantly less needle (27%), stem (33%), and root (26%) biomass at harvest and statistically lower aboveground RGR within 2 months after initiation of the treatments. Seedlings grown in Camels Hump soil had significantly higher levels of aluminum (6.5X), copper (1.4X), and nickel (2.7X) in new needle tissue. The only influence of precipitation chemistry on the growth of P. rubens was a pattern of greater root and shoot biomass in seedlings experiencing the more acidic rain treatments. Interactive effects among the main treatment variables (e.g., acidic mist and O, acidic rain and soil type) on seedling growth were not notable. Rates of CO assimilation and transpiration on a per gram needle dry weight basis [mol·g·s] were not influenced by any of the main treatment variables or their interaction. Because neither soil type nor precipitation chemistry influenced the efficiency of CO assimilation per gram dry weight of needle tissue, the physiological mechanism underlying the growth response of P. rubens is attributed to a change in either whole-plant allocation of carbon resources or a direct toxic effect in the rhizosphere on root growth.
在可控的实验室和温室条件下，对臭氧、雾化学、雨化学和土壤类型对红云杉（Picea rubens Sarg.）幼苗CO同化和生长的影响进行了为期4个月的研究。通过对地上相对生长率（RGR）的区间估计以及收获时生物量各组分在根、茎和针叶部分的分配来评估生长情况。降水化学处理和O暴露动态基于北美东部高海拔森林中报道的空气化学和/或沉降特征。两种土壤分别取自佛蒙特州格林山脉的驼峰山和缅因州海岸的阿卡迪亚国家公园。来自阿卡迪亚的土壤有机含量更高，可提取的碱性阳离子水平更高，可提取的铝和重金属水平更低。唯一始终影响红云杉生长的处理变量是土壤类型和雨化学。与在阿卡迪亚国家公园土壤中生长的幼苗相比，在驼峰山土壤中生长的幼苗在收获时的针叶（27%）、茎（33%）和根（26%）生物量显著减少，且在处理开始后2个月内地上RGR在统计学上更低。在驼峰山土壤中生长的幼苗新针叶组织中的铝（6.5倍）、铜（1.4倍）和镍（2.7倍）水平显著更高。降水化学对红云杉生长的唯一影响是，在经历酸性更强的雨水处理的幼苗中，根和茎生物量有增加的趋势。主要处理变量之间（如酸性雾和O、酸性雨和土壤类型）对幼苗生长的交互作用不显著。以每克针叶干重为基础的CO同化率和蒸腾速率[mol·g·s]不受任何主要处理变量或其相互作用的影响。由于土壤类型和降水化学都不影响每克针叶组织干重的CO同化效率，红云杉生长响应的生理机制归因于碳资源在整株植物中的分配变化或根际对根生长的直接毒性作用。
