Papaj Daniel R, Prokopy Ronald J
Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA.
Oecologia. 1988 Sep;76(4):538-543. doi: 10.1007/BF00397866.
Numerous authors have suggested that genetic subdivision within a population in a heterogeneous environment is more likely if individuals tend, through prior experience, to breed in the same habitat in which they developed. Under semi-field conditions we demonstrate that prior adult experience alters habitat preference in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Tephritidae), a frugivorous parasitic insect thought to have undergone sympatric divergence in host use in historical times. Females exposed to a particular host fruit species - apple (Malus pumila) or hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) - in a field cage oviposited at a higher rate in test fruit of that species than did inexperienced females or females exposed to the other species. Females exposed to a particular host fruit species also tended to remain longer in test trees harboring fruit of that species than did inexperienced females or females exposed to the other species. Prior adult experience thus alters two components of habitat preference in the apple maggot fly: oviposition preference and habitat fidelity. We discuss how these effects of experience on habitat preference should increase the likelihood that individuals mate assortatively and may further increase the likelihood that apple maggot populations become genetically subdivided.
许多作者认为，如果个体基于先前的经验倾向于在其发育的相同栖息地繁殖，那么在异质环境中种群内的基因细分更有可能发生。在半野外条件下，我们证明成年个体先前的经验会改变苹果实蝇（Rhagoletis pomonella，实蝇科）的栖息地偏好，苹果实蝇是一种食果寄生昆虫，被认为在历史时期宿主利用方面经历了同域分化。在田间笼子中接触过特定宿主果实种类——苹果（Malus pumila）或山楂（Crataegus mollis）——的雌性，在该种类的测试果实上产卵的速率高于没有经验的雌性或接触过其他种类的雌性。接触过特定宿主果实种类的雌性也往往比没有经验的雌性或接触过其他种类的雌性在含有该种类果实的测试树上停留的时间更长。因此，成年个体先前的经验改变了苹果实蝇栖息地偏好的两个组成部分：产卵偏好和栖息地忠诚度。我们讨论了经验对栖息地偏好的这些影响应如何增加个体进行异系交配的可能性，并可能进一步增加苹果实蝇种群发生基因细分的可能性。
