Department of Entomology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Chem Ecol. 1990 Nov;16(11):3137-50. doi: 10.1007/BF00979616.
A brief 2-hr experience with hostDrosophila larvae in artificial apple-yeast or mushroom microhabitats had three effects on the foraging behavior of femaleLeptopilina heterotoma (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) parasitoids under field conditions. First, experienced females released at the center of circular arrays of apple-yeast and mushroom baits were more likely to find a microhabitat over the course of a daily census than naive ones. Second, for those females that found a microhabitat, experienced ones found it faster than naive ones (i.e., experience reduced travel times). Third, females experienced with a particular microhabitat were more likely to find that micro-habitat than an alternative one. Learned preferences were retained for at least one day and possibly as many as seven. Results generally did not depend on the host species (D. melanogaster orD. simulans) with which females were given experience. Females tended to arrive at baits upwind of the point of release, suggesting that odor is involved in finding host microhabitats and, in particular, in learning to find them more effectively. The implications of these results for the application of semiochemicals in biological control are discussed briefly.
在人工苹果-酵母或蘑菇微生境中，与宿主果蝇幼虫短暂接触 2 小时，对野外条件下的寄生蜂 Leptopilina heterotoma （膜翅目：Eucoilidae）雌蜂的觅食行为有三种影响。首先，在苹果-酵母和蘑菇诱饵的圆形阵列中心释放的有经验的雌性比无经验的雌性更有可能在每日普查过程中找到微生境。其次，对于那些找到微生境的雌性来说，有经验的雌性比无经验的雌性找到它的速度更快（即经验减少了旅行时间）。第三，经历过特定微生境的雌性比经历过其他微生境的雌性更容易找到那个微生境。习得的偏好至少保留一天，也可能多达七天。结果通常不依赖于雌性获得经验的宿主物种（D. melanogaster 或 D. simulans）。雌性往往会在释放点的上风处到达诱饵，这表明气味参与了寻找宿主微生境，特别是在更有效地学习寻找它们方面。简要讨论了这些结果对生物防治中半化学物质应用的影响。
