Lehman J T
Department of Biology, Natural Science Building, The University of Michigan, 48109-1048, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Oecologia. 1987 Dec;74(3):478-480. doi: 10.1007/BF00378947.
Bythotrephes cederstroemii Schoedler, a predatory freshwater zooplankter (Crustacea: Cladocera), was first found in the Laurentian Great Lakes in December 1984. The first individuals were from Lake Huron, followed in 1985 with records from Lakes Erie and Ontario. By late August, 1986 the species had spread to southern Lake Michigan (43°N). Bythotrephes has not previously been reported from North America, but has been restricted to a northern and central Palearctic distribution. Its dramatic and widespread rise in abundance in Lake Michigan was greatest in offshore regions. Bythotrephes appears to be invading aggressively, but avoiding habitats presently occupied by glacio-marine relict species that became established in deep oligotrophic North American lakes after the Wisconsin glaciation. Because it is a voracious predator its invasion may lead to alterations in the native zooplankton fauna of the Great Lakes. It offers the chance to study how invading plankton species join an existing community. Judging from its persistence and success in deep European lakes, Bythotrephes may now become a permanent member of zooplankton communities in the Nearctic.
费氏剑水蚤（Bythotrephes cederstroemii Schoedler），一种掠食性淡水浮游动物（甲壳纲：枝角类），于1984年12月首次在北美五大湖被发现。最初发现的个体来自休伦湖，1985年伊利湖和安大略湖也有相关记录。到1986年8月底，该物种已扩散至密歇根湖南部（北纬43°）。此前北美从未有过费氏剑水蚤的报道，其分布一直局限于北古北区的北部和中部。在密歇根湖，其数量急剧且广泛增加，在离岸区域最为明显。费氏剑水蚤似乎在积极入侵，但避开了目前被冰川海洋残留物种占据的栖息地，这些物种在威斯康星冰川作用后于北美贫营养深湖中定居。由于它是一种贪婪的捕食者，其入侵可能会导致五大湖本地浮游动物区系发生改变。它为研究入侵浮游物种如何融入现有群落提供了机会。从其在欧洲深湖的存续和成功情况判断，费氏剑水蚤现在可能会成为新北区浮游动物群落的永久成员。
