Gillis Michael K, Walsh Matthew R
Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Jul 12;284(1858). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0814.
Invasive species have extensive negative consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem health. Novel species also drive contemporary evolution in many native populations, which could mitigate or amplify their impacts on ecosystems. The predatory zooplankton invaded lakes in Wisconsin, USA, in 2009. This invasion caused precipitous declines in zooplankton prey (), with cascading impacts on ecosystem services (water clarity). Here, we tested the link between invasion, evolution in and post-invasion ecological dynamics using 15 years of long-term data in conjunction with comparative experiments. Invasion by is associated with rapid increases in the body size of Laboratory experiments revealed that such shifts have a genetic component; third-generation laboratory-reared from 'invaded' lakes are significantly larger and exhibit greater reproductive effort than individuals from 'uninvaded' lakes. This trajectory of evolution should accelerate population growth and enhance population persistence. We tested this prediction by comparing analyses of long-term data with laboratory-based simulations, and show that rapid evolution in is associated with increased population growth in invaded lakes.
入侵物种对生物多样性和生态系统健康具有广泛的负面影响。新物种还推动了许多本地种群的当代进化，这可能减轻或放大它们对生态系统的影响。2009年，一种捕食性浮游动物入侵了美国威斯康星州的湖泊。这种入侵导致浮游动物猎物急剧减少，对生态系统服务（水体透明度）产生了连锁影响。在这里，我们结合比较实验，利用15年的长期数据测试了入侵、其进化与入侵后生态动态之间的联系。的入侵与的体型迅速增加有关。实验室实验表明，这种变化具有遗传成分；来自“入侵”湖泊的第三代实验室饲养的比来自“未入侵”湖泊的个体明显更大，并且表现出更大的繁殖努力。这种进化轨迹应该会加速种群增长并增强种群持久性。我们通过将长期数据分析与基于实验室的模拟进行比较来检验这一预测，并表明的快速进化与入侵湖泊中种群增长的增加有关。
