Brandl R, Kristín A, Leisler B
Sektion Ökosystemanalyse, Umweltforschungszentrum, Leipzig-Halle GmbH, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
Institute of Forest Ecology, SAS, Sturova 2, CS-960 53, Zvolen, Slovakia.
Oecologia. 1994 Jun;98(1):109-116. doi: 10.1007/BF00326096.
The analysis of a local community of forest passerines (13 species) using phylogenetic contrasts shows a correlation between body size of bird species and mean prey size, minimum prey size, maximum prey size and the size range of dietary items. This suggests that larger birds drop small prey taxa from their prey list, because of the difficulty of capturing very small prey, for energetic reasons or because of microhabitat usage. We find some support for the third hypothesis. Dietary niche breadth calculated across prey taxa is not related to body size. Dietary niche breadth, however, is correlated with size-corrected measurements of the bill and locomotor apparatus. Long and slender bills increase the dietary niche breadth. Thus subtle differences constrain foraging and the techniques of extracting certain prey taxa form crevices. Dietary niche breadth and foraging diversity are positively correlated with population density: at least locally dietary generalists occur at higher breeding densities than specialists.
利用系统发育对比方法对一个当地森林雀形目鸟类群落（13个物种）进行分析，结果显示鸟类物种的体型与平均猎物大小、最小猎物大小、最大猎物大小以及食物种类的大小范围之间存在相关性。这表明较大的鸟类会从其猎物清单中剔除小型猎物类群，原因可能是捕捉非常小的猎物存在困难、出于能量方面的考虑或者是由于微生境的使用。我们发现对第三个假设存在一定支持。跨猎物类群计算的食性生态位宽度与体型无关。然而，食性生态位宽度与喙和运动器官的大小校正测量值相关。长而细长的喙会增加食性生态位宽度。因此，细微的差异限制了觅食以及从缝隙中获取某些猎物类群的技巧。食性生态位宽度和觅食多样性与种群密度呈正相关：至少在局部地区，食性广的鸟类比食性特化的鸟类具有更高的繁殖密度。
