Williamson Craig E, Stoeckel Mark E, Schoeneck L Jane
Department of Biology 31, Lehigh University, 18015, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
Oecologia. 1989 Apr;79(1):76-82. doi: 10.1007/BF00378242.
Many predators inflict substantial mortality on their prey. The prey respond to these selective pressures with changes in their spatial and temporal overlap with the predator (density risk responses), or with changes in their vulnerability to the predator (prey vulnerability responses). Here we develop a simple predation model that permits quantification of the basic response types of the prey in nature. We then test the hypothesis that prey response will be proportional to the intensity of the predation mortality relative to all other sources of mortality and decreased natality acting on the prey. A significant regression relationship is obtained for the prey vulnerability response but not for any of the density risk responses. The individual response values and regression statistics are used to interpret the relative importance of the different response types and to assess the predator's influence on prey community structure.
许多捕食者会对其猎物造成大量死亡。猎物通过改变与捕食者在空间和时间上的重叠（密度风险响应），或改变自身对捕食者的易感性（猎物易感性响应）来应对这些选择压力。在此，我们构建了一个简单的捕食模型，用于量化自然界中猎物的基本响应类型。然后，我们检验了这样一个假设：猎物的响应将与捕食死亡率相对于作用于猎物的所有其他死亡来源和出生率下降的强度成正比。我们得到了猎物易感性响应的显著回归关系，但密度风险响应均未得到显著回归关系。个体响应值和回归统计数据用于解释不同响应类型的相对重要性，并评估捕食者对猎物群落结构的影响。
