Penry Deborah L, Jumars Peter A
School of Oceanography WB-10, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
Oecologia. 1990 Jan;82(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/BF00318526.
We analyze gut architectures of 42 species of marine polychaetes in terms of their anatomically distinct compartments, and quantify differences among guts in terms of ratios of body volume to gut volume, relative compartmental volumes, total gut aspect ratios and compartmental aspect ratios. We use multivariate techniques to classify these polychaetes into 4 groups: carnivores with tubular guts; deposit feeders with tubular guts; deposit feeders with 3 gut compartments; and deposit feeders with 4 or 5 gut compartments. Tubular guts, morphological expressions of plug flow, are common among deposit feeders and may allow relatively rapid ingestion rates and short throughput times. Median gut volume per unit of body volume in deposit feeders (31%) is twice that of carnivores (15%) and ranges up to 83% in one deep-sea species. Deep-sea deposit feeders tend to have relatively larger and longer guts than closely-related nearshore and shelf species. Guts of a number of deep-sea deposit feeders and nearshore and shelf deposit feeders from muddy environments are relatively longer and narrower as body size increases, suggesting that digestive diffusion limitations may be important. Gut volume scales as (body volume) while ingestion rate scales as (body volume). If diet and the chemical kinetics of digestion do not change appreciably, throughput time and thus the extent of digestion of given dietary components therefore must increase as a deposit feeder grows. Digestive processing constrainst may be most important in juveniles of species (especially those species with plug-flow guts) that are deposit feeders as adults.
我们根据解剖学上不同的腔室，分析了42种海洋多毛类动物的肠道结构，并从体体积与肠道体积之比、相对腔室体积、总肠道纵横比和腔室纵横比等方面量化了肠道之间的差异。我们使用多变量技术将这些多毛类动物分为4组：具有管状肠道的肉食动物；具有管状肠道的沉积食性动物；具有3个肠道腔室的沉积食性动物；以及具有4个或5个肠道腔室的沉积食性动物。管状肠道是平推流的形态学表现，在沉积食性动物中很常见，可能允许相对较快的摄食速率和较短的通过时间。沉积食性动物每单位体体积的肠道体积中位数（31%）是肉食动物（15%）的两倍，在一种深海物种中高达83%。深海沉积食性动物往往比与其亲缘关系密切的近岸和陆架物种具有相对更大和更长的肠道。许多来自泥泞环境的深海沉积食性动物以及近岸和陆架沉积食性动物的肠道随着体型增大相对更长且更窄，这表明消化扩散限制可能很重要。肠道体积按（体体积）缩放，而摄食速率按（体体积）缩放。如果饮食和消化的化学动力学没有明显变化，那么随着沉积食性动物生长，通过时间以及给定饮食成分的消化程度必然会增加。消化处理限制在成年为沉积食性动物的物种（尤其是那些具有平推流肠道的物种）的幼体中可能最为重要。
