Jarosz A M, Burdon J J
Division of Plant Insustry, C.S.I.R.O., G.P.O. Box 1600, 2601, Canberra City, A.C.T., Australia.
Oecologia. 1992 Jan;89(1):53-61. doi: 10.1007/BF00319015.
The epidemiology of rust caused by the fungus Melampsora lini and the effects of infection by this pathogen on its host, the herbaceous perennial Linum marginale, were determined in the field and in garden experiments. There was considerable natural variability in disease levels over the four years (1986-1989) of the study. In two years (1986, 1989) major rust epidemics occurred. In the field, the main effect of disease was to reduce survivorship during the winter following infection. Plants which were heavily infected during the 1986 or 1989 growing seasons had reduced survivorship relative to more lightly infected plants. Melampsora lini infections did not appear to affect survivorship in either 1987 or 1988. Flowering was correlated with environmental factors and the number of stems a plant possessed. A severe drought in 1987 completely inhibited flowering. In the other three years the number of flowers produced by a plant was strongly positively correlated with the number of stems it possessed. Disease levels had no consistent effect on flowering. Controlled garden experiments were also used to examine the response of seedlings and adult plants to infection. These showed that both the timing and severity of disease appears to determine the effect of M. lini infections on L. marginale. Early, severe infection reduced growing season and overwintering survivorship as well as capsule production. However, plants in the field were most often infected only after flowering had begun, and the predominant effect of infection was a reduction in overwintering survivorship. The high variability in disease levels from year to year and the deferred nature of the effect of the rust on its host have significant implications for the design of experiments aimed at assessing the role of diseases in plant communities.
在田间和花园试验中，对由真菌亚麻栅锈菌（Melampsora lini）引起的锈病流行病学以及该病原体感染其寄主——多年生草本植物亚麻（Linum marginale）的影响进行了测定。在为期四年（1986 - 1989年）的研究中，病害水平存在相当大的自然变异性。在两年（1986年、1989年）中发生了严重的锈病流行。在田间，病害的主要影响是降低感染后冬季的存活率。在1986年或1989年生长季节受到严重感染的植株，相对于感染较轻的植株，存活率降低。亚麻栅锈菌感染在1987年或1988年似乎并未影响存活率。开花与环境因素以及植株拥有的茎数相关。1987年的严重干旱完全抑制了开花。在其他三年中，植株产生的花数与其拥有的茎数呈强烈正相关。病害水平对开花没有一致的影响。还利用可控的花园试验来研究幼苗和成株对感染的反应。这些试验表明，病害发生的时间和严重程度似乎决定了亚麻栅锈菌感染对亚麻的影响。早期、严重的感染会缩短生长季节、降低越冬存活率以及减少蒴果产量。然而，田间的植株大多在开花开始后才被感染，感染的主要影响是降低越冬存活率。每年病害水平的高度变异性以及锈病对其寄主影响的延迟性质，对于旨在评估病害在植物群落中作用的实验设计具有重要意义。
