Kato Makoto
Biological Laboratory, Yoshida College, Kyoto University, 606-01, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
Oecologia. 1994 Feb;97(1):17-25. doi: 10.1007/BF00317904.
The parasitoid community dynamics of an agromyzid honeysuckle leafminer, Chromatomyia suikazurae (Agromyzidae, Diptera) were studied between 1981 and 1990 in a natural forest in Kyoto, Japan. The parasitoid fauna composed three koinobionts (all larval-pupal solitary parasitoids) and 22 idiodiont species (11 larval solitary, nine pupal solitary and one pupal gregarious). The parasitoid community was dominated by early-attacking oligophagous braconid koinobionts at early periods, but was gradually displaced by late-attacking polyphagous eulophid idiobionts. Accordingly, the diversity index of the parasitoid community peaked at an intermediate point in the intra-generational succession. The succeeding attack-in-waves by the late-attacking idiobionts greatly reduced not only the survival rates of early-attacking parasitoid larvae but also the survival rates of hosts. The density-dependence observed in the host pupal mortality was thought to result from density-dependent host-switching by a keystone polyphagous pupal idiobiont parasitoid, Chrysocharis pubens, whereas high host pupal mortality was potentially attained by an early-attacking koinobiont braconid. Supposed aggregation of polyphagous parasitoids at high host density resulted in intense within-host competition and in an increase of host-feeding attack, both of which contributed to low emergence rates of parasitoids at high host densities. Parasitoid emergence rates were also reduced at low host densities, probably by inter- and intra-specific hyperparasitism among oligophagous parasitoids for limited hosts. The regulation effects of the species-rich parasitoid community upon the host population dynamics are thought to derive from succeeding attack-in-waves by polyphagous late-attacking idiobionts, especially by the keystone species.
1981年至1990年期间，在日本京都的一片天然林中，对金银花潜叶蝇（Chromatomyia suikazurae，潜蝇科，双翅目）的寄生蜂群落动态进行了研究。寄生蜂动物区系包括3种共寄生蜂（均为幼虫-蛹期单寄生蜂）和22种专性寄生蜂（11种幼虫期单寄生、9种蛹期单寄生和1种蛹期聚寄生）。在早期，寄生蜂群落以早期攻击的寡食性茧蜂共寄生蜂为主，但逐渐被后期攻击的多食性姬小蜂专性寄生蜂所取代。因此，寄生蜂群落的多样性指数在代内演替的中间点达到峰值。后期攻击的专性寄生蜂随后的波浪式攻击不仅大大降低了早期攻击的寄生蜂幼虫的存活率，也降低了寄主的存活率。寄主蛹死亡率中观察到的密度依赖性被认为是由关键的多食性蛹期专性寄生蜂——黄毛金小蜂（Chrysocharis pubens）的密度依赖性寄主转换导致的，而早期攻击的茧蜂共寄生蜂可能导致了较高的寄主蛹死亡率。多食性寄生蜂在高寄主密度下的假定聚集导致了寄主内激烈的竞争和寄主取食攻击的增加，这两者都导致了高寄主密度下寄生蜂的低羽化率。在低寄主密度下，寄生蜂的羽化率也会降低，这可能是由于寡食性寄生蜂之间为有限的寄主进行种间和种内重寄生所致。物种丰富的寄生蜂群落对寄主种群动态的调节作用被认为源于后期攻击的多食性专性寄生蜂，尤其是关键物种的后续波浪式攻击。
