Beison Ashley, Rademacher David J
1 Department of Psychological Science, Carthage College , Kenosha, WI, USA.
J Behav Addict. 2017 Mar 1;6(1):84-91. doi: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.016. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
Background and aims Smartphones are ubiquitous. As smartphones increased in popularity, researchers realized that people were becoming dependent on their smartphones. The purpose here was to provide a better understanding of the factors related to problematic smartphone use (PSPU). Methods The participants were 100 undergraduates (25 males, 75 females) whose ages ranged from 18 to 23 (mean age = 20 years). The participants completed questionnaires to assess gender, ethnicity, year in college, father's education level, mother's education level, family income, age, family history of alcoholism, and PSPU. The Family Tree Questionnaire assessed family history of alcoholism. The Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS) and the Adapted Cell Phone Addiction Test (ACPAT) were used to determine the degree of PSPU. Whereas the MPPUS measures tolerance, escape from other problems, withdrawal, craving, and negative life consequences, the ACPAT measures preoccupation (salience), excessive use, neglecting work, anticipation, lack of control, and neglecting social life. Results Family history of alcoholism and father's education level together explained 26% of the variance in the MPPUS scores and 25% of the variance in the ACPAT scores. The inclusion of mother's education level, ethnicity, family income, age, year in college, and gender did not significantly increase the proportion of variance explained for either MPPUS or ACPAT scores. Discussion and conclusions Family history of alcoholism and father's education level are good predictors of PSPU. As 74%-75% of the variance in PSPU scale scores was not explained, future studies should aim to explain this variance.
背景与目的 智能手机无处不在。随着智能手机日益普及，研究人员意识到人们对其产生了依赖。本文旨在更深入了解与问题性智能手机使用（PSPU）相关的因素。方法 研究对象为100名本科生（25名男性，75名女性），年龄在18至23岁之间（平均年龄 = 20岁）。参与者完成问卷调查，以评估性别、种族、大学年级、父亲教育水平、母亲教育水平、家庭收入、年龄、酗酒家族史以及问题性智能手机使用情况。家族谱系问卷用于评估酗酒家族史。使用手机问题使用量表（MPPUS）和改编后的手机成瘾测试（ACPAT）来确定问题性智能手机使用的程度。MPPUS测量耐受性、逃避其他问题、戒断反应、渴望以及负面生活后果，而ACPAT测量专注度（显著性）、过度使用、忽视工作、期待、缺乏控制以及忽视社交生活。结果 酗酒家族史和父亲教育水平共同解释了MPPUS得分中26%的方差以及ACPAT得分中25%的方差。纳入母亲教育水平、种族、家庭收入、年龄、大学年级和性别后，并未显著增加对MPPUS或ACPAT得分所解释的方差比例。讨论与结论 酗酒家族史和父亲教育水平是问题性智能手机使用的良好预测指标。由于问题性智能手机使用量表得分中74%-75%的方差未得到解释，未来研究应致力于解释这一方差。
