Zheng Ying, Wang Zhen, Zhou Zhiguang
Center for Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
Cell Mol Immunol. 2017 Jun;14(6):488-496. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2017.7. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a series of conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression in a posttranscriptional manner. miRNAs are involved in almost every physiological and pathological process. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is the result of selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells driven by the immune system. miRNAs are also important participants in T1D pathogenesis. Herein, we review the most recent data on the potential involvement of miRNAs in T1D. Specifically, we focus on two aspects: the roles of miRNAs in maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating β-cell survival and/or functions in T1D. We also discuss circulating miRNAs as potent biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of T1D and investigate potential therapeutic approaches for this disease.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一系列保守的短链非编码RNA，它们以转录后方式调节基因表达。miRNA几乎参与了每一个生理和病理过程。1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种自身免疫性疾病，是免疫系统驱动胰腺β细胞选择性破坏的结果。miRNA也是T1D发病机制的重要参与者。在此，我们综述了关于miRNA可能参与T1D的最新数据。具体而言，我们关注两个方面：miRNA在维持免疫稳态以及调节T1D中β细胞存活和/或功能方面的作用。我们还讨论了循环miRNA作为T1D诊断和预测的有效生物标志物，并研究了针对该疾病的潜在治疗方法。
