Miao Chenggui, Chang Jun, Zhang Guoxue, Fang Yanxi
a Department of Pharmacy, College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
b Department of Orthopaedics, 4th Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Oct;96(5):498-506. doi: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0027. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes of about 22 nucleotides, which are involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation in animals and plants. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is clinically silent until the majority of β cells are destroyed, and a large number of studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the pathological mechanism of T1D. In this review, we searched the related research in recent years and summarized the important roles of miRNAs in T1D diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, we summarized the current understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation mechanisms of gene expression in the T1D pathogenesis as well as related signaling pathways with a focus on the important roles of miRNAs and their antagonists in T1D pathogenesis, and brought insight into the potential therapeutic value of miRNAs for T1D patients. In view of the important roles of miRNAs in T1D pathology, disordered miRNAs may be important diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for patients with T1D.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类由内源性基因编码的约22个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子，参与动植物的转录后基因表达调控。1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种自身免疫性疾病，在大多数β细胞被破坏之前临床上并无症状，大量研究表明miRNA参与了T1D的病理机制。在本综述中，我们检索了近年来的相关研究，总结了miRNA在T1D诊断和治疗中的重要作用。此外，我们总结了目前对miRNA介导的T1D发病机制中基因表达调控机制以及相关信号通路的理解，重点关注miRNA及其拮抗剂在T1D发病机制中的重要作用，并深入探讨了miRNA对T1D患者的潜在治疗价值。鉴于miRNA在T1D病理中的重要作用，失调的miRNA可能是T1D患者重要的诊断标志物和治疗靶点。
