Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Apr 4;51(7):4009-4017. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04302. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
Parabens are broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservatives and fragrances used in a wide range of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food providing the opportunity for people to be exposed on a daily basis. In 2009-2010, 80 pregnant women from Ottawa Canada participated in the Plastics and Personal-Care Product Use in Pregnancy (P4) Study. A subset of women (n = 31) who provided multiple spot urine samples (n = 542) collected over two 24-h periods had their samples analyzed for methylparaben (MP), n-propylparaben (PP), ethylparaben (EP), butylparaben (BP), isobutylparaben (IBP), and benzylparaben (BzP). These parabens were also measured in breast milk samples collected at approximately 3 months postpartum (n = 56 women). Women kept a diary of products that they used 24 h prior to and during the collection. All parabens measured in maternal urine had moderate to high reproducibility. Women who used lotions in the past 24 h had significantly higher geometric mean paraben concentrations (80-110%) in their urine than women who reported no use in the past 24 h. Women who used shampoo, conditioner, and cosmetics also showed 70-80% higher BP concentrations in their urine. Breast milk samples had >50% detection for MP, PP, and EP.
对羟基苯甲酸酯是一种广谱抗菌防腐剂和香料，广泛应用于个人护理产品、药品和食品中，这使得人们每天都有机会接触到对羟基苯甲酸酯。2009-2010 年，加拿大渥太华的 80 名孕妇参加了孕期塑料和个人护理产品使用情况研究（P4 研究）。其中有 31 名妇女提供了多个 24 小时点尿样（n = 542），对其样本进行了甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯（MP）、n-丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（PP）、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（EP）、丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯（BP）、异丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯（IBP）和苄基对羟基苯甲酸酯（BzP）的分析。这些对羟基苯甲酸酯也在大约产后 3 个月收集的母乳样本中进行了测量（n = 56 名妇女）。妇女在收集样本前 24 小时和收集期间记录了她们使用的产品。所有在母体尿液中测量到的对羟基苯甲酸酯都具有中等到高度的重现性。过去 24 小时内使用乳液的妇女尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度的几何平均值（80-110%）明显高于过去 24 小时内没有使用乳液的妇女。使用洗发水、护发素和化妆品的妇女尿液中 BP 浓度也高出 70-80%。母乳样本中对羟基苯甲酸酯的检出率 >50%，包括 MP、PP 和 EP。
