Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca.
Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center.
Rehabil Psychol. 2017 Aug;62(3):374-386. doi: 10.1037/rep0000121. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
This study presented the construct of Work-Health Balance (WHB) and the design and validation of the Work-Health Balance Questionnaire (WHBq). More and more workers have a long-standing health problem or disability (LSHPD). The management of health needs and work demands is crucial for the quality of working life and work retention of these workers. However, no instrument exists measuring this process. The WHBq assesses key factors in the process of adjusting between health needs and work demands.
We tested the reliability and validity of 38 items with cross-sectional data from a sample of 321 Italian workers (mean age = 45 ± 11 years) using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Rasch analyses, and the correlations with other relevant variables.
The instrument ultimately consisted of 17 items that reliably measured three factors: work-health incompatibility, health climate, and external support. These dimensions were associated with well-being in the workplace, dysfunctional behaviors at work, and general psychological health. A higher level on the WHB index was associated with lower levels of presenteeism, emotional exhaustion, workaholism, and psychological distress and with higher levels of job satisfaction and work engagement, supporting the construct validity of the instrument.
The WHBq shows good psychometric characteristics and strong and theoretically consistent relationships with important and well-known variables. These results make the WHBq a promising tool in the study and management of health of employees, especially for the work continuation of employees returning to work with LSHPD. (PsycINFO Database Record
本研究提出了工作-健康平衡（WHB）的结构，并设计和验证了工作-健康平衡问卷（WHBq）。越来越多的劳动者患有长期健康问题或残疾（LSHPD）。管理健康需求和工作要求对于这些劳动者的工作生活质量和工作保留至关重要。然而，目前还没有衡量这一过程的工具。WHBq 评估了在调整健康需求和工作需求之间的过程中的关键因素。
我们使用横截面数据，对来自 321 名意大利劳动者（平均年龄 = 45 ± 11 岁）的样本进行了 38 个项目的可靠性和有效性测试，使用探索性因素分析（EFA）、Rasch 分析以及与其他相关变量的相关性。
该工具最终由 17 个项目组成，可靠地测量了三个因素：工作-健康不兼容性、健康氛围和外部支持。这些维度与工作场所的幸福感、工作中的功能失调行为以及一般心理健康相关。WHB 指数越高，与以下方面的水平越低相关：工作出席、情绪耗竭、工作狂和心理困扰，而与工作满意度和工作投入的水平越高相关，支持了该工具的结构有效性。
WHBq 具有良好的心理计量学特征，与重要且知名的变量具有强烈且理论上一致的关系。这些结果使 WHBq 成为研究和管理员工健康的一种很有前途的工具，特别是对于患有 LSHPD 的员工重返工作岗位的工作延续。
