Beckman Maria, Bohman Benjamin, Forsberg Lars, Rasmussen Finn, Ghaderi Ata
Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Division of Psychology,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Centre for Psychiatric Research,Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services,Stockholm County Council,Stockholm,Sweden.
Behav Cogn Psychother. 2017 Jul;45(4):351-365. doi: 10.1017/S135246581700011X. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
Although supervision is believed to be an important strategy for training practitioners in evidence-based practice, little is known about how it should be organized and conducted to promote implementation fidelity.
To explore supervisor behaviours that might facilitate supervisees' proficiency in motivational interviewing.
In this exploratory study, ten supervisors from a primary prevention intervention of childhood obesity responded to semi-structured interviews about their supervision behaviours. A mixed method approach was used; both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed.
The supervisors reported using several sources of information for evaluating and providing systematic feedback on supervisees' performance. However, the majority did not use the available objective measures of proficiency as the primary source. Moreover, half of the supervisors argued that objective feedback might have a punishing effect on the supervisees.
Variation in the use of supervision components that previous research has proposed to be potentially influential to the process and outcome may lead to less efficient supervision. Findings suggest that appropriate supervision activities conducted in each supervision session require clear supervision principles that specify the content and procedure of the supervision, as well as regular adherence monitoring of the supervision sessions.
尽管监督被认为是培养循证实践从业者的一项重要策略，但对于应如何组织和开展监督以提高实施保真度，人们却知之甚少。
探索可能有助于被监督者熟练掌握动机性访谈的监督者行为。
在这项探索性研究中，来自一项儿童肥胖初级预防干预项目的10名监督者就其监督行为接受了半结构化访谈。采用了混合方法；收集并分析了定性和定量数据。
监督者报告称使用多种信息来源来评估被监督者的表现并提供系统反馈。然而，大多数人并未将现有的熟练度客观测量方法作为主要信息来源。此外，一半的监督者认为客观反馈可能会对被监督者产生惩罚作用。
先前研究提出的对过程和结果可能有影响的监督组成部分在使用上存在差异，这可能会导致监督效率低下。研究结果表明，在每次监督会议中开展适当的监督活动需要明确的监督原则，这些原则应规定监督的内容和程序，以及对监督会议的定期依从性监测。
