Brellenthin Angelique G, Crombie Kevin M, Hillard Cecilia J, Koltyn Kelli F
1Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; and 2Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Aug;49(8):1688-1696. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001276.
Acute aerobic exercise improves mood and activates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in physically active individuals; however, both mood and eCB responses to exercise may vary based on habitual levels of physical activity.
This study aimed to examine eCB and mood responses to prescribed and preferred exercises among individuals with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity.
Thirty-six healthy adults (21 ± 4 yr) were recruited from low (≤60 min moderate-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] per week), moderate (150-299 min MVPA per week), and high (≥300 MVPA per week) physical activity groups. Participants performed both prescribed (approximately 70%-75% max) and preferred (i.e., self-selected) aerobic exercise on separate days. Mood states and eCB concentrations were assessed before and after exercise conditions.
Both preferred and prescribed exercise resulted in significant increases (P < 0.01) in circulating eCB (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol); however, increases in AEA (P < 0.05) were larger in the prescribed condition. Likewise, both preferred and prescribed exercise elicited positive mood improvements compared with preexercise values, but changes in state anxiety, total mood disturbance, and confusion were greater in the preferred condition (P < 0.05). Changes in 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations were found to negatively correlate with changes in depression, tension, and total mood disturbance in the preferred condition (P < 0.05), and changes in AEA were positively associated with changes in vigor in the prescribed condition (P < 0.05). There were no significant group differences for mood or eCB outcomes.
These results indicate that eCB and mood responses to exercise do not differ significantly between samples with varying physical activity levels. This study also demonstrates that in addition to prescribed exercise, preferred exercise activates the eCB system, and this activation may contribute to positive mood outcomes with exercise.
急性有氧运动可改善情绪，并在身体活跃的个体中激活内源性大麻素（eCB）系统；然而，情绪和eCB对运动的反应可能因身体活动的习惯水平而异。
本研究旨在考察身体活动水平低、中、高的个体对规定运动和偏好运动的eCB及情绪反应。
从低（每周中等强度至剧烈身体活动[MVPA]≤60分钟）、中（每周MVPA 150 - 299分钟）和高（每周≥300分钟MVPA）身体活动组招募了36名健康成年人（21±4岁）。参与者在不同日期分别进行规定运动（约最大强度的70%-75%）和偏好运动（即自选运动）。在运动前后评估情绪状态和eCB浓度。
偏好运动和规定运动均导致循环eCB（N-花生四烯酰乙醇胺[AEA]和2-花生四烯酰甘油）显著增加（P<0.01）；然而，规定运动条件下AEA的增加幅度更大（P<0.05）。同样，与运动前相比，偏好运动和规定运动均引起了积极的情绪改善，但偏好运动条件下状态焦虑、总情绪紊乱和困惑的变化更大（P<0.05）。在偏好运动条件下，发现2-花生四烯酰甘油浓度的变化与抑郁、紧张和总情绪紊乱的变化呈负相关（P<0.05），规定运动条件下AEA的变化与活力的变化呈正相关（P<0.05）。情绪或eCB结果在组间无显著差异。
这些结果表明，不同身体活动水平的样本对运动的eCB和情绪反应无显著差异。本研究还表明，除规定运动外，偏好运动也能激活eCB系统，这种激活可能有助于运动带来积极的情绪结果。
