Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Jul;1399(1):78-92. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13326. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
Social welfare, better health care, and urbanization have greatly improved human health and well-being. On the other hand, Western societies suffer from the downsides of the elevated standard of living. Among other factors, the Western diet (poor in dietary fiber), lack of contact with natural biodiversity, and excessive antibiotic use are known to be associated with the increase in chronic inflammatory disorders. Limited exposure to microbial biodiversity, in combination with severe lifestyle-related disturbances to commensal microbial communities, especially during early life, is changing the diversity and composition of human microbiota. In this review, we try to promote and apply ecological theory to understand the dynamics and diversity of human commensal microbiota. In this context, we explore the changes in the microbiota that are relevant to human health, especially in light of the rise of chronic inflammatory disorders. We try to elucidate the underlying ecological mechanisms behind these disorders and provide potential solutions for their avoidance.
社会福利、更好的医疗保健和城市化极大地改善了人类的健康和福祉。另一方面，西方社会也承受着生活水平提高所带来的负面影响。据了解，西方饮食（膳食纤维含量低）、与自然生物多样性接触不足以及过度使用抗生素等因素与慢性炎症性疾病的增加有关。人类微生物群的多样性和组成正在发生变化，这主要是由于人类接触微生物多样性有限，再加上与生活方式相关的严重干扰对共生微生物群落的影响，尤其是在生命早期。在这篇综述中，我们试图运用生态理论来理解人类共生微生物群落的动态和多样性。在这方面，我们探讨了与人类健康相关的微生物群的变化，尤其是在慢性炎症性疾病增多的情况下。我们试图阐明这些疾病背后的潜在生态机制，并为避免这些疾病提供潜在的解决方案。
