Album Dag, Johannessen Lars E F, Rasmussen Erik B
Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1096, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 May;180:45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.020. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of three survey studies of disease prestige in medical culture. The studies were conducted in 1990, 2002 and 2014 using the same research design. In each of the three rounds, a sample of Norwegian physicians was asked to rate a set of 38 diseases on a scale from 1 to 9 according to the prestige they believed health personnel in general would award them. The results show a remarkable stability in the prestige rank order over 25 years. The top three diseases in all three surveys were leukaemia, brain tumour and myocardial infarction. The four lowest ranked were fibromyalgia, depressive neurosis, anxiety neurosis and hepatocirrhosis. The most notable change concerns apoplexy (brain stroke), which moved from a rank of 33 to 29 and then to 23 over the three rounds. We argue that the stable pattern, as well as this change, substantiate the interpretation of previous research, i.e. that the prestige of a disease is affected by the localization of the affected organ or body part, the effect and style of its typical treatment, and the social attributes of the typical patient. Analysing physicians' shared evaluations of different diseases, the paper contributes to the cultural understanding of disease conceptions in medicine. Understanding these conceptions is important because disease prestige may influence decision-making in the healthcare sector.
在本文中，我们对医学文化中疾病声望的三项调查研究进行了比较分析。这些研究在1990年、2002年和2014年采用相同的研究设计开展。在这三轮研究的每一轮中，都要求一组挪威医生根据他们认为医护人员总体上会赋予疾病的声望，在1到9的量表上对一组38种疾病进行评分。结果显示，在25年的时间里，疾病声望的排名顺序具有显著的稳定性。在所有三项调查中，排名前三的疾病是白血病、脑瘤和心肌梗死。排名最低的四种疾病是纤维肌痛、抑郁性神经症、焦虑性神经症和肝硬化。最显著的变化涉及中风，在三轮调查中，其排名从第33位升至第29位，然后升至第23位。我们认为，这种稳定模式以及这一变化证实了先前研究的解释，即疾病的声望受到受影响器官或身体部位的位置、其典型治疗的效果和方式以及典型患者的社会属性的影响。通过分析医生对不同疾病的共同评价，本文有助于从文化角度理解医学中的疾病概念。理解这些概念很重要，因为疾病声望可能会影响医疗保健部门的决策。
