Vanyushin B F, Ashapkin V V, Aleksandrushkina N I
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2017 Feb;82(2):89-94. doi: 10.1134/S0006297917020018.
Many different peptides regulating cell differentiation, growth, and development are found in plants. Peptides participate in regulation of plant ontogenesis starting from pollination, pollen tube growth, and the very early stages of embryogenesis, including formation of embryo and endosperm. They direct differentiation of meristematic stem cells, formation of tissues and individual organs, take part in regulation of aging, fruit maturation, and abscission of plant parts associated with apoptosis. Biological activity of peptides is observed at very low concentrations, and it has mainly signal nature and hormonal character. "Mature" peptides appear mainly due to processing of protein precursors with (or without) additional enzymatic modifications. Plant peptides differ in origin, structure, and functional properties. Their specific action is due to binding with respective receptors and interactions with various proteins and other factors. Peptides can also regulate physiological functions by direct peptide-protein interactions. Peptide action is coordinated with the action of known phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, and others); thus, peptides control phytohormonal signal pathways.
植物中发现了许多调节细胞分化、生长和发育的不同肽段。肽段参与植物个体发育的调控，从授粉、花粉管生长以及胚胎发育的早期阶段，包括胚胎和胚乳的形成。它们指导分生干细胞的分化、组织和单个器官的形成，参与衰老、果实成熟以及与细胞凋亡相关的植物部分脱落的调控。肽段在极低浓度下就具有生物活性，其主要具有信号性质和激素特性。“成熟”肽段主要是由于蛋白质前体经过（或不经过）额外的酶修饰加工而成。植物肽段在起源、结构和功能特性上存在差异。它们的特定作用是由于与各自受体的结合以及与各种蛋白质和其他因子的相互作用。肽段也可通过直接的肽 - 蛋白质相互作用来调节生理功能。肽段的作用与已知植物激素（生长素、细胞分裂素等）的作用相协调；因此，肽段控制着植物激素信号通路。
