Fedoreyeva Larisa I, Chaban Inna A, Kononenko Neonila V
All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 23;11(7):852. doi: 10.3390/plants11070852.
Root hairs absorb soil nutrients and water, and anchor the plant in the soil. Treatment of tobacco () roots with glycine (Gly) amino acid, and glycilglycine (GlyGly) and glycilaspartic acid (GlyAsp) dipeptides (10 M concentration) significantly increased the development of root hairs. In the root, peptide accumulation was tissue-specific, with predominant localization to the root cap, meristem, elongation zone, and absorption zone. Peptides penetrated the epidermal and cortical cell and showed greater localization to the nucleus than to the cytoplasm. Compared with the control, tobacco plants grown in the presence of Gly, GlyGly, and GlyAsp exhibited the activation of , , , and genes and suppression of and genes during root hair lengthening. Although Gly, GlyGly, and GlyAsp have a similar structure, the mechanism of regulation of root hair growth in each case were different, and these differences are most likely due to the fact that neutral Gly and GlyGly and negatively charged GlyAsp bind to different motives of functionally important proteins. Short peptides site-specifically interact with DNA, and histones. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of exogenous peptides on cellular processes remain unclear. Since these compounds acted at low concentrations, gene expression regulation by short peptides is most likely of epigenetic nature.
根毛吸收土壤养分和水分，并将植物固定在土壤中。用甘氨酸（Gly）氨基酸、甘氨酰甘氨酸（GlyGly）和甘氨酰天冬氨酸（GlyAsp）二肽（浓度为10 M）处理烟草（）根系，显著促进了根毛的生长。在根中，肽的积累具有组织特异性，主要定位于根冠、分生组织、伸长区和吸收区。肽穿透表皮细胞和皮层细胞，在细胞核中的定位比在细胞质中更明显。与对照相比，在根毛伸长过程中，在甘氨酸、甘氨酰甘氨酸和甘氨酰天冬氨酸存在下生长的烟草植株表现出、、、和基因的激活以及和基因的抑制。尽管甘氨酸、甘氨酰甘氨酸和甘氨酰天冬氨酸具有相似的结构，但每种情况下根毛生长的调控机制都不同，这些差异很可能是由于中性的甘氨酸和甘氨酰甘氨酸以及带负电荷的甘氨酰天冬氨酸与功能重要蛋白质的不同基序结合所致。短肽与DNA和组蛋白进行位点特异性相互作用。外源肽对细胞过程影响的分子机制尚不清楚。由于这些化合物在低浓度下起作用，短肽对基因表达的调控很可能具有表观遗传性质。
