Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Waste Manag. 2017 Jun;64:333-339. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.015. Epub 2017 Mar 18.
A nationwide survey of animal manure-based composts was carried out in China. Two hundred and twelve samples were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of 9 heavy metals or metalloids and arsenic (As) speciation. The concentrations of heavy metals vary widely (Zn 11.8-3692, Cu 3.6-916, Cr 0.7-6603, Ni 0.7-73, Pb 0.05-189, As 0.4-72, Co 0.1-94, Cd 0.01-8.7 and Hg 0.01-1.9mgkg dry weight). Compared with the maximum permissible values of the Chinese standard for organic fertilizers, 13.7% and 2.4% of the composts exceeded the limits for As (15mgkg) and Cd (3mgkg), respectively. Some samples contained very high concentrations of Zn and Cu, although no limits have been set for these two metals in China. Further analysis showed that As was present mainly as arsenate (As), with dimethylarsenate (DMA) and monomethylarsenate (MMA) as the minor species in composts. There were significant correlations between the concentrations of Zn, Cu and As, suggesting co-contamination of these elements in some composts. Monte Carlo simulations based on the distributions of metal concentrations and application rate showed that repeated applications of compost likely increase the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg in soil significantly compared with the soil background levels. This study highlights a need to minimize the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg and As in animal manures to ensure their safe recycling to agricultural soils.
在中国进行了一次全国性的动物粪便堆肥调查。采集了 212 个样本，并分析了 9 种重金属或类金属以及砷（As）的形态。重金属浓度差异很大（Zn 11.8-3692，Cu 3.6-916，Cr 0.7-6603，Ni 0.7-73，Pb 0.05-189，As 0.4-72，Co 0.1-94，Cd 0.01-8.7 和 Hg 0.01-1.9mgkg 干重）。与中国有机肥标准的最大允许值相比，13.7%和 2.4%的堆肥分别超过了 As（15mgkg）和 Cd（3mgkg）的限制。一些样品中含有非常高浓度的 Zn 和 Cu，尽管中国尚未为这两种金属设定限制。进一步分析表明，As 主要以砷酸盐（As）的形式存在，在堆肥中，二甲基砷酸盐（DMA）和一甲基砷酸盐（MMA）是次要形态。Zn、Cu 和 As 的浓度之间存在显著相关性，表明在一些堆肥中这些元素存在共同污染。基于金属浓度和应用率分布的蒙特卡罗模拟表明，与土壤背景水平相比，重复施用堆肥可能会显著增加土壤中 Zn、Cu、Cd 和 Hg 的浓度。本研究强调需要将动物粪便中的 Zn、Cu、Cd、Hg 和 As 浓度降到最低，以确保其安全地回收利用到农业土壤中。
