Zapata Félix, García-Ruiz Carmen
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
Forensic Sci Int. 2017 Jun;275:57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.032. Epub 2017 May 18.
Post-explosion scenes offer such chaos and destruction that evidence recovery and detection of post-blast residues from the explosive in the surrounding materials is highly challenging and difficult. The suitability of materials to retain explosives residues and their subsequent analysis has been scarcely investigated. Particularly, the use of explosive mixtures containing inorganic oxidizing salts to make improvised explosive devices (IEDs) is a current security concern due to their wide availability and lax control. In this work, a wide variety of materials such as glass, steel, plywood, plastic bag, brick, cardboard or cotton subjected to open-air explosions were examined using confocal Raman microscopy, aiming to detect the inorganic oxidizing salts contained in explosives as black powder, chloratite, dynamite, ammonium nitrate fuel oil and ammonal. Post-blast residues were detected through microscopic examination of materials surfaces. In general, the more homogeneous and smoother the surface was, the less difficulties and better results in terms of identification were obtained. However, those highly irregular surfaces were the most unsuitable collectors for the posterior identification of explosive traces by Raman microscopy. The findings, difficulties and some recommendations related to the identification of post-blast particles in the different materials studied are thoroughly discussed.
爆炸后的场景一片混乱且破坏严重，从周围材料中回收爆炸证据以及检测爆炸后的炸药残留物极具挑战性且困难重重。材料保留炸药残留物的适用性及其后续分析几乎未得到研究。特别是，由于无机氧化盐类炸药混合物易于获取且管控宽松，使用此类混合物制造简易爆炸装置（IED）成为当前的安全隐患。在这项工作中，使用共焦拉曼显微镜对多种经露天爆炸的材料进行了检测，如玻璃、钢材、胶合板、塑料袋、砖块、硬纸板或棉花，旨在检测炸药中所含的无机氧化盐，包括黑火药、氯酸盐、炸药、硝酸铵燃料油和铵铝炸药。通过对材料表面进行微观检查来检测爆炸后的残留物。一般来说，表面越均匀、越光滑，在识别方面遇到的困难就越少，结果也越好。然而，那些高度不规则的表面对于后续通过拉曼显微镜识别爆炸痕迹而言是最不合适的收集物。本文深入讨论了在不同研究材料中识别爆炸后颗粒的相关发现、困难及一些建议。
