Altered viscoelastic properties of stroke-affected muscles estimated using ultrasound shear waves - Preliminary data.

As a result of a brain injury such as stroke, the skeletal muscles may undergo numerous structural and functional alterations. These abnormal changes are linked to muscle weakness, joint contracture, and abnormal muscle tone and eventually, result in motor impairment. A subset of these alterations affects passive muscle stiffness, i.e., viscoelastic properties. However, in vivo estimation of changes in viscoelastic properties is a challenging task. Here, we used the shear wave velocity, estimated through ultrasound SuperSonic imaging (SSI), as a surrogate for viscoelastic properties. We estimated shear wave group and phase velocities (dispersion), and thus, quantified both elasticity and viscosity of the muscle tissue, respectively in muscles of hemiplegic stroke survivors. In these individuals, we found significantly higher group and phase velocities in the stroke-affected muscles (p<; 05) compared to those of the contralateral non-affected side. We hypothesize that in addition to changes in neural and contractile properties, there are also, changes in elastic and tissue dispersive properties through local mechanisms. An enhanced understanding of post-stroke changes in skeletal muscles will lead to better and targeted interventions for rehabilitation.