Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Carbohydr Polym. 2017 May 15;164:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.078. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Agar is a jelly-like biopolymer synthesized by many red seaweeds as their major cell wall component. Due to its excellent rheological properties, it has been exploited commercially for applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biomedical and biotechnology industries. Despite its multiple uses, the biosynthesis of this phycocolloid is not fully understood. The current knowledge on agar biosynthesis is inferred from plant biochemistry and putative pathways for ulvan and alginate biosynthesis in green and brown seaweeds, respectively. In this review, the gaps in our current knowledge on agar biosynthetic pathway are discussed, focusing on the biosynthesis of agar precursors, elongation of agar polysaccharide chain and side chain modification. The development of molecular markers for the screening of desired seaweeds for industrial exploitation is also discussed.
琼脂是一种果冻状的生物聚合物，由许多红海藻作为其主要细胞壁成分合成。由于其出色的流变性能，已被商业化用于食品、化妆品、制药、生物医学和生物技术行业。尽管用途广泛，但这种藻胶的生物合成尚未完全了解。目前对琼脂生物合成的认识是根据植物生物化学以及绿藻和褐藻中海藻酸盐和岩藻聚糖生物合成的假定途径推断出来的。在这篇综述中，讨论了我们目前对琼脂生物合成途径的认识差距，重点讨论了琼脂前体的生物合成、琼脂多糖链的延伸和侧链修饰。还讨论了用于筛选工业开发所需海藻的分子标记的开发。
