Bennett Nigel C, Rajandram Retnagowri, Ng Keng Lim, Gobe Glenda C
Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia; Oral Cancer Research Program, UQCCR, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; Dept Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University Malaya Cancer Research Institute (UMCRI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Kidney Cancer VHL. 2014 Jun 15;1(2):17-25. doi: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2014.9. eCollection 2014.
Steroid hormones and their receptors have important roles in normal kidney biology, and alterations in their expression and function help explain the differences in development of kidney diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. The distinct gender difference in incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with males having almost twice the incidence as females globally, also suggests a role for sex hormones or their receptors in RCC development and progression. There was a peak in interest in evaluating the roles of androgen and estrogen receptors in RCC pathogenesis in the late 20 century, with some positive outcomes for RCC therapy that targeted estrogen receptors, especially for metastatic disease. Since that time, however, there have been few studies that look at use of steroid hormone modulators for RCC, especially in the light of new therapies such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors and new immune therapies, which are having some success for treatment of metastatic RCC. This review summarises past and current literature and attempts to stimulate renewed interest in research into the steroid hormones and their receptors, which might be used to effect, for example, in combination with the other newer targeted therapies for RCC.
类固醇激素及其受体在正常肾脏生物学中发挥着重要作用，其表达和功能的改变有助于解释肾病（如肾病综合征和慢性肾脏病）发展过程中的差异。肾细胞癌（RCC）发病率存在明显的性别差异，全球范围内男性发病率几乎是女性的两倍，这也表明性激素或其受体在RCC的发生和发展中起作用。在20世纪后期，人们对评估雄激素和雌激素受体在RCC发病机制中的作用兴趣达到顶峰，针对雌激素受体的RCC治疗取得了一些积极成果，尤其是对转移性疾病。然而，自那时以来，很少有研究探讨类固醇激素调节剂在RCC中的应用，特别是鉴于酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和新的免疫疗法等新疗法在转移性RCC治疗中取得了一定成功。本综述总结了过去和当前的文献，并试图激发对类固醇激素及其受体研究的新兴趣，例如，这些研究结果可能会与其他针对RCC的新型靶向疗法联合应用。
