Yu Shen, Pu Yang, Jin Hao, Dian Jing, Ge Tang, Zhihe Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2016 Oct 1;34(5):526-530. doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.05.019.
DNA methylation and demethylation are two important mechanisms of epigenetics, which is important in the study of cell differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. During osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, the expression of osteogenic specific genes and demethylated promoters is upregulated, whereas the expression of pluripotent genes and hypermethylated promoters is downregulated. The dynamic changes and balance between DNA methylation and demethylation are important for the coordination of gene expression and the inhibition of improper phenotypes. Abnormal changes in the methylation modification mechanism in osteogenic differentiation not only affect the normal function of stem cells but are also associated with the occurrence and development of many common skeletal diseases. This paper reviews the new progress of DNA methylation and demethylation in regulating osteogenic differentiation. The possible skeletal diseases caused by abnormal DNA methylation are also presented.
DNA甲基化和去甲基化是表观遗传学的两个重要机制，在细胞分化、增殖和衰老的研究中具有重要意义。在干细胞的成骨分化过程中，成骨特异性基因的表达以及去甲基化启动子上调，而多能基因的表达以及高甲基化启动子下调。DNA甲基化和去甲基化之间的动态变化和平衡对于基因表达的协调以及异常表型的抑制至关重要。成骨分化过程中甲基化修饰机制的异常变化不仅影响干细胞的正常功能，还与许多常见骨骼疾病的发生和发展有关。本文综述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化在调节成骨分化方面的新进展。还介绍了由异常DNA甲基化引起的可能的骨骼疾病。
