Marackova Marketa, Prasko Jan, Matousek Stanislav, Latalova Klara, Hruby Radovan, Holubova Michaela, Slepecky Milos, Vrbova Kristyna, Grambal Ales
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Psychiatric Outpatient Department, Martin, Slovakia.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2016 Dec;37(7):478-484.
The childhood adversities model is generally accepted as a predictor of adult psychopathology vulnerability. It stems from child development theories, but the question remains as of how well solid research supports it. The aim of this article is to give a review of the studies concerning childhood adversities and their impact on the development of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder in adulthood.
A computerized search of the MEDLINE database of publications up to 31 March 2016 was done, using the keywords "childhood adversities, abuse, maltreatment, bullying" and "anxiety disorders, depressive disorder". No backward time constraints were used. Non-original studies, conference abstracts, books and book chapters, commentaries, and dissertations were excluded.
The influence of childhood adversities on later age psychopathology is examined in five categories: the negative family atmosphere, abuse, loss of a close person, the social difficulties, and problems at school (including, most importantly bullying). The majority of studies confirmed the connection between childhood adversities and anxiety and depression disorders in adulthood. The character of the adversities is not, apparently, a specific predictor for a concrete psychopathology. Multiple adversities are more frequently connected with depressive and anxiety disorders in adulthood, cumulating together in broader adverse context.
Childhood adversities were found to increase vulnerability to the distress, depression, fear and anxiety later in the life. However, specific correlations between a given childhood adversity and a specific form of depression or anxiety disorder were either not found or weak. This is in line with the generally accepted view considering each of these factors a non-specific stressor increasing vulnerability to mood and affect disorders later in life.
童年逆境模型通常被认为是成人精神病理学易感性的预测指标。它源于儿童发展理论，但仍存在扎实的研究对其支持程度如何的问题。本文旨在综述有关童年逆境及其对成年期焦虑症和重度抑郁症发展影响的研究。
使用关键词“童年逆境、虐待、 maltreatment、欺凌”和“焦虑症、抑郁症”，对截至2016年3月31日的MEDLINE数据库出版物进行计算机检索。未设置时间回溯限制。排除非原创研究、会议摘要、书籍及书籍章节、评论和学位论文。
从五个类别考察童年逆境对晚年精神病理学的影响：负面家庭氛围、虐待、亲近之人离世、社交困难以及学校问题（最重要的包括欺凌）。大多数研究证实了童年逆境与成年期焦虑症和抑郁症之间的关联。逆境的性质显然并非某种具体精神病理学的特定预测指标。多种逆境更常与成年期的抑郁和焦虑症相关联，在更广泛的不利背景中累积。
发现童年逆境会增加日后生活中出现痛苦、抑郁、恐惧和焦虑的易感性。然而，未发现特定童年逆境与特定形式的抑郁症或焦虑症之间存在具体关联，或者这种关联很微弱。这与普遍接受的观点一致，即认为这些因素中的每一个都是增加日后生活中情绪和情感障碍易感性的非特异性应激源。
